曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

costing
bottom-up approach for, 88
contingency fund allocation to,
95–96
top-down approach for, 86–88
Technical specifications, 28
Technology forecasting, 68. See also
Forecasting methods
3M, 18
Threshold attributes (Kano model),
263, 264
Time:
accelerating (crashing), 99–103
for activities, forecasting, see
Forecasting methods
as project performance metric,
227–229
relationship of cost and, 45
resource allocation over, 84
as supply chain value driver, 219
Time-cost analysis, 107–111
Time–cost trade-off curve, 99
Time-phased budgets, 93–94, 114, 118
Time series analysis, 69
Time value of money, 132–133
Top-down approach:
in project budgeting, 86–88
to work breakdown structure, 37
Total quality management (TQM),
212, 219–221, 245–247
Total sum of squares (SST), 73–74
TQM, see Total quality management
Trade-off analysis (VM), 9
Transmanche Link, 142
Trend (in time series analysis), 69
Turner, Rodney, 6
Turnkey projects, 268
Uncertainty:
and complexity of supply chain, 212
contingency budget for, 95
in cost estimation, 45, 46, 48
in life-cycle costing, 269–270
as risk, 180–181
Unexplained variation (linear
regression), 74
University of Manchester, 193
VA, see Value analysis
VAC (variance at completion), 115
Value. See also Project value
adding, 164
defined, 3, 163
dimensions and measures of,
166–167
impact of needs on, 20
as multidimensional concept, 3
relationship of cost and, 3–5
Value analysis (VA), 170–171
Value chains, 210, 255–256. See also
Supply chains
Value drivers:
in supply chain management,
217–219
in value chain analysis, 258
Index 289
Value engineering (VE), 170, 177,
261–262, 266
Value management (VM), 2, 167–184.
See also Earned value
management
benefits of, 175
defined, 167–168
emphasis in, 3
forecasting methods for, see
Forecasting methods
fundamental concepts in, 164–166
goal of, 163–164
integrated risk management and,
272–274
key attributes of, 169
key concepts in, 171–173
key features of, 8–9
key principles of, 168
need for, 171
process for, 173–174
reviews of, 176–179
and risk management, 180–184
scope of, 168
stages in, 176
terminology related to, 169–171
Value planning (VP), 170
Variable costs, 50
Variance at completion (VAC), 115
Variations, payment, 142, 143
Variation orders, 143
VE, see Value engineering
Venezuela, oil development
nationalization in, 158
VM, see Value management
VP (value planning), 170
Wal-Mart, 212–213
WBS, see Work breakdown structure
Weyerhaueuser Corporation, 18
Work breakdown structure (WBS),
32–41
as basis for budgeting, 84, 88
as basis for schedules/cost
estimates, 27
bottom-up approach to, 37
coding of, 38, 39
development of, 35–38
in earned value analysis, 114
function of, 32–33
guidelines for developing, 41
hierarchy of, 33
integrating organization and, 38, 40
levels in, 36–37, 41
in project baseline plan, 106
purpose of, 27
top-down approach to, 37
types of, 33–35
Work packages, 33
contingency fund allocation for, 96,
97
cost estimates based on, 51
earned value calculation for, 116
time-phased budgets for, 114
top-down budgeting for, 86
in WBS development, 36
Work scope document, 27–30. See also
Scope definition
Worth of projects, 131–137
0/100 rule, 124

 

 

A
Adobe Acrobat, 166
AGC. See Associated General Contractors of
America
agcXML, 69, 151, 161, 162, 168n
AIA. See American Institute of Architects
Airbus, 4
AISC. See American Institute of Steel Construction
American Institute of Architects (AIA), 93
AIA Contract Documents, 137
AIA C106-2007, Digital Data License
Agreement, 137
AIA E201-2007, Digital Data Protocol, 137
AIA E202-2008, BIM Protocol Exhibit, 137
AIA Technology in Architecture Practice
(TAP), 46
American Institute of Steel Construction
(AISC), 150, 151, 152n
API. See Application Programming Interface
Application Programming Interface (API), 151
ArchiCAD. See Graphisoft ArchiCAD
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：航空資料19(159)