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Photo 20. Strips - Single Layers or Plies
KEVLAR RO OUTER SKIN GRAPHITE INNER SKIN
GRAPHITE EDGE
NOMEX HONEYCOMB
GRAPHITE CHANNEL
KEVLAR RO SPARE TUBES
R
3-35
TO 00-105E-9
Photo 21. Microscopic View of Fiber Bundles
Photo 22. Large Fiber Bundles
Photo 23. Carbon Fiber Cluster
Photo 24. Slightly Curved Carbon Fiber Laminate
3-36
TO 00-105E-9
Photo 25. Crack Lines Within a Solid Laminate
Photo 26. Fiber Cracking
Photo 27. Microscopic View of Broken
Fibers, Single Fibers and Dust Is Generated
Photo 28. Microscopic View of Fractured Boron Coated
Tungsten Wire, a Minute Amount of Resin Is Found
Between Two Fibers
FIBER
SHEAR KINKING BENDING
3-37
TO 00-105E-9
Photo 29. Side View, Damaged Boron Fiber Epoxy
Laminate.View shows Fiber/Resin Cracking,
Delamination and Fiber pull-out.
Photo 30. Top View – Fibrillated Kevlar Fiber End.
Bottom View – Severely Fibrillated Kevlar Fiber.
Photo 31. Impact and Burnt Glass Fiber Filament
Wound Radome.
Photo 32. Burnt Carbon Fiber
3-38
TO 00-105E-9
Photo 33. Burnt Carbon Fiber
Photo 34. Effects Of A Fireball
Photo 35. Surface Scorching From A Fireball
Photo 36. Pool Fire Damage
3-39
TO 00-105E-9
Table 3.5-2 Possible Combustion Products
3-40
MATERIAL PRODUCTS (in addition to C, CO, CO2, H2O)
FIBER
Carbon (PAN based) nitrogen, oxides of carbon
Kevlar ® C2H4,CH4,NOx1,HCN, NH3, aldehydes, aliphatic hydrocarbons
Boron/tungsten boron oxides
Glass Non-flammable. Products of combustion are from the combustion of the sizing material.
SPECTRA (HD polyethylene) Short chain aldehydes, long chain hydrocarbon, acrolein
RESIN
Epoxide- amine cured (more
flammable than most thermoset
resins)
CH4, CH2CH2, CH3CH3
propane, propylene, aniline, dimethylaniline, toluidine
acrolein, phenols, amines, aldehydes, aomatic amines, hydrofluoric /fluoroboric acid
Nylon amines, ammonia, cyclic ketones, esters, hydrogen cyanide, benzene
Phenolics acetone, formaldehyde, methane, phenol
Polyamide ammonia, cyanides, NOx
Polycarbonate Short-chain aldehydes and ketones
Polyimide Hydrogen, aniline, phenol, benzene
Polypropylene Short chain aldehydes, long chain hydrocarbon, acrolein formaldehyde
Polystryene benzene, styrene, toluene, acrolein
FOAMS
Phenolic See Resin above
Polypropylene See Resin above
Polyvinyl chloride (Tradename:
Divinycell, Legecell, Airex) HCI, HCN, NOx
Polystryene (Styrofoam) ethyl benzene, aldehydes, aromatics, HFI, HBr, (depends on manufacturer)
Polyurethane foams toluene, HCN, isocyantes, TDI
CORE
Kevlar®, fiberglass, or carbon
fiber substrate coated with one
of the following:
Phenolic (NOMEX)
Polyimide
Epoxy
See Resin information above
See Resin information above
See Resin information above
FUEL
JP-8 sulfur oxides, sulfur particulate, short chain aldehydes , intermediate hydrocarbons -
aromatic and aliphatic, polynuclear aromatic, residual JP-8 fuel
TO 00-105E-9
Carbon Glass
E S
Boron Kevlar Epoxide PEEK BMI
Strong AcidR SA R A A SA
(sulfuric acid)
SA A
Weak AcidR SA R R R SA
(acetic acid)
R R
Strong AlkalisR SA SA R A R SA A
Weak AlkalisR R SA R R R R R
Hydraulic FluidsR R R R A R SA R
Organic SolventsA R R R R R R R
Bloodborne Pathogen
Decontamination Solution
R R R R R NI R R
HydrazineNI A A NI NI NI NI A
Carbon Glass Boron Kevlar Epoxide PEEK BMI
E,S
Hydrazine
A/C Fuels NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Hydraulic Fluid NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Hypergolic Mixtures NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Liquid Oxygen
Battery Acid NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Bloodborne Pathogen
Decontamination Soln.
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR = Non Reactive 1 The ability to release energy.
Core material; foam, paper-like honeycomb.
May react with the matrix, Kevlar ® fiber, organic core material, carbon fiber.
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TO MATERIAL DEGRADATION
NI=No Information A =Attack SA =Slight Attack R=Resistant to Attack P=Poor
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