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that the alcohol used in aircraft anti-icing systems
burns with an almost invisible flame. The best
method of control is by dilution with water.
c. AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM (AFFF). AFFF,
a clear, amber colored liquid. Concentrates consist primarily
of synthetic fluorocarbon surfactant materials that
are noncorrosive until it is mixed with water and have an
unlimited shelf life when stored in a protected area where
temperatures may range from 32°F (0°C) to 120°F (48°C).
NOTE
Failure to follow manufacturer storage procedures may
cause AFFF to break down and separate, degrading its
ability to form a vapor seal.
(1) CONCENTRATIONS. These concentrates must
meet current military specification standards (M&F-
24385), three % and six% AFFF concentrate is approved
for naval use. Optimum performance for a 3% concentrate
is realized when proportioned at 3 parts concentrate
to 97 parts water. For a 6% concentrate, optimum
performance is achieved when proportioned at 6 parts
3-5
concentrateto 94 parts water. Current shipboard equipment
requires 6% con-centrate. When AFFF is mixed with
water, corrosive effects occur because of the corrosive
properties of water (particularly saltwater) and the AFFFinduced
low-surface tension of the mixture promoting
seepage through small cracks, etc. Either fresh water or
sea water may be used for proportioning systems. For
premixing, only fresh water should be used to reduce
corrosion activity. The OPNAVINST 4790.2 series outlines
the mandatory procedures that must be followed
whenever an aircraft is sprayed with AFFF solution.
(2) FIREFIGHTING EFFICIENCY. The unique extinguishing
and securing action of AFFF on flammable liquid
fires results from a combination of rapid foam blanketing
and vapor sealing when applied properly. During
fire extinguishment, the AFFF foam blanket rapidly yields
a very thin layer of AFFF solution that also extinguishes
the fire and forms a vapor seal, restricting further emission
of flammable vapors.
(3) AIRCRAFT CLEAN UP. After AFFF has been used
on a aircraft and if moveable, aircraft maintenance will
tow the aircraft to a wash rack and rinse thoroughly and
wash the aircraft IAW the specific aircraft T.O. If not
moveable, rinse in place and transport as soon as possible
to a wash rack with the above procedures. Engine
washing will be done IAW specific engine T.O.s.
(4) HEALTH HAZARD. Toxic by-products, including
small amounts of HF, may be formed. Thermal decomposition
may produce toxic materials including HF. If introduced
under skin through cuts or punctures, slow-healing
ulcers may develop. For eyes, may cause moderate
irratation. For skin, may cause irritation on prolonged
contact. For inhalation, mist or vapors may cause irritation
of the respiratory system, resulting in vomiting, nausea,
diarrhea, abdominal pain and stupor. Very high concentrations
may cause pulmonary edema. Possible injury
of the blood. For ingestion, not an expected route of
industrial exposure. May cause unconsciousness, flushing
of face with dizziness, nausea, headache, cough, sore
throat, shortness of breath, confusion, convulsions and
lethargy.
NOTE
There may be storage concerns relating to contaminated
mishap materials/debris in the form of off-gasing.
(5) FIRST AID. Immediately flush with plenty of water.
Continue for 15 minutes. Call a physician or poison
control center. Wash affected area with soap and water.
For inhalation, remove victim to fresh air. For ingestion,
give two glasses of water.
3
TO 00-105E-9
NOTE
Application of AFFF fire extinguishing efficiency is not
critically dependent on foam expansion as is the case
with protein-type foam concentrates. AFFF can be applied
witheither approved nonair-aspirating nozzles or airaspiratingfoam
nozzles. However, the variable stream fog
nozzle type is preferred because of the rapid stream
adjustability afforded the firefighter. Additionally, these
nozzles produce a more fluid foam, resulting in faster
control and extinguishment. AFFF is compatible with
Halon 1211 and PKP dry chemical firefighting agents.
WARNING
Periodic reapplication of AFFF is essential to avoid reflash
when working in and around crashed aircraft.
d. BERYLLIUM. Beryllium as a dust or powder form is
a silvery looking material resembling aluminum powder.
Hard as a solid is a brittle gray-white metal.
(1) HEALTH HAZARD. Toxic respiratory and eye irritant.
If introduced under skin through cuts or punctures,
slow-healing ulcers may develop. Dust is highly toxic.
　
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