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32. Courson, D. L., C. D. Flemming, K. J. Kuhlmann, J. W. Lane, J. H. Grabau, J. M. Cline, C. R. Miller, B. J.
Larcom, and J. C. Lipscomb. 1996. “Smoke Production and Thermal Decomposition Products From Advanced
Composite Materials,” US Air Force Armstrong Laboratory, Technical Report AL/OE-TR-1996-0124.
33. Lipscomb, J. C., and D. L. Courson. 1998. “Chemical, Physical, and Toxicological Assessment of the Atmosphere
Generated from the Combustion of Advanced Composite Materials,” Conference on Issues and
Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Tri-Service Toxicology, Air Force Research Laboratory,
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
34. Olson, J. M. 1994. “Mishap Risk Control for Advanced Aerospace/Composite Materials,” Air Force Systems
Command, Advanced Composites Program Office, McClellan AFB, CA, AJ554083.
TO 00-105E-9
3.6 RADAR ABSORBING MATERIAL AND CONVENTIONAL
COATINGS. Coatings are applied to the majority
of aircraft surfaces. The thickness of the coatings will
vary depending on the aircraft type and location on the
aircraft. RAM and conventional coatings are a polymeric
based material. The RAM coatings differ from conventional
coatings by the addition of a radar absorbing material.
The primary hazards associated with both coatings
are the same. Because they are a polymeric based
material the health hazard concern of coatings are not
different than the composite matrix or resin, although the
addition of the RAM may change the burning characteristics
of the coating. Once the coatings are burned off,
the surface resin is affected. Information about coatings
and Low Observable Coatings (LOCs) concerns and their
burn behavior are also found in 3.5e.
a. HAZARDS.
(1) FIRE AND EXPLOSION. Coatings are a combustible
material. Ignition occurs by flame or heat. Some
may burn more rapidly with flare burning effects. See
3.4i(1)(a) Composite Materials.
(2) HEALTH. Fire will produce toxic and irritating
gases. Contact with fire debris may cause burns to skin
and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
b. PUBLIC SAFETY.
(1) See 3.7d(2) Composite Materials.
c. EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
(1) See 3.7d(3) Composite Materials.
3-62
TO 00-105E-9
3-63
3.7 MATERIALS AND SITUATIONS THAT MAY BECOME
HAZARDS. The mishap site can be a dirty workplace.
Sharp objects, such as metal shards, glass and
precariously positioned debris is not uncommon. Holes
or ditches, steep grades, uneven terrain, unstable surfaces
can make it difficult to move about the workplace.
To help assist site personnel to be on the look out for
potential safety hazards, this section contains information
for potentially lethal debris, hazardous materials that
were generated under mishap conditions and hazardous
situations to be aware of while working at the mishap
scene. A description of the situation or debris is given
along with instructions that can be used to minimize environmental,
safety and health hazards. Helpful Tables
are found at the end of this section and provide information
to assist in the documentation of the mishap site
conditions and activities.
a. BATTERIES. Alkaline or nickel-cadmium and lithium
thionyl-chloride battery. Damaged battery detection can
be a pungent odor due to venting. An overheat problem
is detected by presence a short circuit and hot to the
touch.
(1) HAZARD. Overheated batteries resulting from internal
shorting or thermal runaway or mishap damage or
abuse can cause rupturing or venting. It presents a hazard
to personnel and aircraft through explosion and/or
fire. Gases released can be noxious or lethal. If the
battery is damage or ejected into the mishap area, electrolyte
solution can be spilled and fumes may be emitted.
Ni-Cad solution in potassium hydroxide (KOH). Lead
based electrolyte solution is sulfuric acid.
(2) FIRE. Open battery compartment and check for
flame. For alkaline or nickel-cadmium battert fire, use
Halon or CO2. A lithium battery fire should be extinguished
by a Class D fire extinguisher. Overheated batteries
should be removed to the outdoors. Use water fog to
reduce battery temperature.
(3) PERSONNEL PROTECTION. During fire use positive-
pressure SCBA and eye protection. For a mishap or
overheated cells wear rubber gloves, faceshields or
goggles.
(4) FIRST AID. The electrolite used in Ni-Cad battery
is a strong alkaline solution. It is caustic and corrosive.
Serious burns from contact with any part of the body.
Treat burns as applicable.
b. BLOODBORNE INFECTIONS. Compliance with 29
　
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