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Type of Test  Advantage(s)  Disadvantage(s)  S/K/As Tested  Examples 
Objective-Type  - Easy to construct  - Possibility of guessing  Knowledge  True False Test 
(a) Alternate response  - Permits coverage of many  the answer (reliability?)  Discrimination  - Sequence of design 
(binary choice)  points (wide coverage) - Efficient (easy to take and score)  - memorization of unrelated facts is encouraged - Cannot tell whether trainee has learned or not  Classifying  preparation - Meaning of technical terms 
(b) Multiple choice  - Can measure trainee’s ability to make judgements of predetermined exactness -Easy to score and comparatively free from guessing  - Susceptible to clues (within construction of item, item choices) - Time-consuming and somewhat difficult to construct  Problem solving  Classifying Discrimination Knowledge  - Choosing particular procedure design based on a given problem situation among several alternatives - Recognize the proper criteria for RNAV/RNP standard instrument arrival procedure among a list provided. 
(c) Matching  - Measures ability to recognize relationships and make associations - Economical - Requires less construction time than multiple choice items of equal quality  - Inferior to multiple choice in measuring fine discrimination understanding and judgement - Can provide clues, especially if the choice is limited to the No. of items to be matched  Knowledge Discrimination Classifying  -Diagrams and specific measurements - Technical terms and their meanings - Sequencing order of specific design procedures -Sample design procedures requesting appropriate labels and terminology 

The Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Procedure Design — Volume 2
Type of Test  Advantage(s)  Disadvantage(s)  S/K/As Tested  Examples 
Open Question  - Sharp and accurate evaluation  -No introduction of erroneous items that can be then reminded by the trainees ( e.g. multiple choice) -Eeasy to implement   -Scoring may be subjective -Time consuming for correction   -Comprehension versus memorization  -Modeling sophisticated obstacles as Hangar or Hill or railroad for CRM OCH calculation (in that case a figure is often provided) . 
Open question  -Aharp evaluation  -Not all items can be  -Knowledge   -On an IAC fill the item 
with short answer  -Wasy scoring  -Particularly adapted when numerical answers are expected  tested on that way  -Discrimination  corresponding to the Identification of procedures 
Oral question  -Evaluation by . saying . versus . writing . -Direct contact with the assessor that can reword the question to really test the knowledge  -Often stressful -Scoring may be subjective  -Knowledge -Rapidity -Ability to express, to present    -Using an IAC displayed, the trainee is asked on the feasibility of the procedure if aircraft are coming from specific directions and why. Or application of specific criteria and why.    
　
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