1.2.2. CHAPTER STRUCTURE
Each of the following chapters describes one of the six functions listed above. For an easy reading, all of the chapters apply the same structure as follows:
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Description of the system that fulfills the function described in the chapter.
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Operational recommendations for safe and efficient operations.
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Regulations in terms of carriage requirements at ICAO, EASA and FAA levels (for other areas, refer to local regulations).
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Manufacturers of systems that fulfill the function to identify the different available solutions.
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Future systems expected in the near future to improve the fulfillment of the function.
Each time several systems of fairly different technologies fulfill a given function, the description of each system follows the same structure. Therefore, it is easier to compare the systems.
At the end of each chapter, a summary provides the essential information: “Please bear in mind…”.
Note: The description of a system focuses on the basic principles. Consequently, a system is not exhaustively described. For instance, the Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) alerts when a failure occurs are not described. The reader should refer to her/his Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM) when necessary.
1.2.3. CAPTIONS
An OPS+ flag identifies features that provide significant operational benefits.
Grey highlights identify interactive cross-references.
1.3. SYSTEM SUMMARY
The following table gives the functions and the related systems. The reader can click on the table to directly go to the corresponding page.
Click on a function or system name to jump to the appropriate page.
Air-to-Ground Air-to-Air
Function A/CIdentification and Position Reporting TrafficSurveillance TerrainSurveillance WeatherSurveillance RunwaySurveillance
Existingsystems XPDR with Mode A, C or S ACAS TAWS WX Radar1 RAAS
XPDR with ADS-B WX Radar with 3D buffer2
Newsystems AP/FD TCAS OANS
ATSAW3 ROW/ ROP4
Note: Some systems (i.e. T2CAS, T3CAS, AESS) combine different functions.
Refer to 1.2.1 – Surveillance Systems and Functions.
1 WX Radar takes into account Rockweel Collins Multiscan and Honeywell Autotilt.
2 The Rockwell Collins Multiscan weather radar and the AESS use a 3D buffer.
3 ATSAW is a module of some TCAS computer.
4 ROW/ROP is used in conjunction with OANS.
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