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3.10.2. ENHANCED SEQUENCING AND MERGING OPERATIONS
AIRBUS actively participates to the development of new systems to assist the flight crew in Sequencing and Merging (S&M) operations. Those systems (Airborne Separation Assistance System – ASAS) will be able to merge the own aircraft behind a preceding aircraft and to maintain a separation behind this aircraft. On ATC instruction, the flight crew initiates the S&M procedure with the assistance of ASAS.
The objectives of ASAS are to:
-Enable flight crews to precisely meet ATC spacing instructions
-Reduce ATC workload
-Improve current safety level
-Increase airspace capacity.

 

4. TERRAIN SURVEILLANCE
4.1 Description of TAWS 4-2
4.1.1 TAWS Principles 4-2
4.1.1.1 Terrain Database 4-3
4.1.1.2 Obstacle Database 4-4
4.1.1.3 Runway Database 4-4
4.1.1.4 Aircraft Performance Database  4-4
4.1.2 Reactive (basic) TAWS Functions  4-5
4.1.2.1 EGPWS Mode 6: Excessive Bank Angle  4-7
4.1.3 Predictive TAWS Functions  4-7
4.1.3.1 Enhanced GPWS Functions 4-8
4.1.3.2 Predictive T2CAS Functions 4-10
4.1.3.3 EGPWS/T2CAS Comparison 4-14
4.1.4 Introduction of GPS Position into TAWS Architecture 4-15
4.1.4.1 EGPWS Geometric Altitude  4-16
4.1.4.2 Use of GPS for Lateral Positioning  4-16
4.1.5 TAWS Indications 4-18
4.1.5.1 TAWS Basic Mode Indications 4-18
4.1.5.2 TAWS Predictive Functions  4-18
4.1.5.3 EGPWS: Obstacle 4-20
4.1.5.4 EGPWS: Peaks Mode 4-20
4.1.5.5 Terrain Display in Polar Areas  4-21
4.1.6 TAWS Controls  4-22
4.1.6.1 A300/A310 Controls 4-22
4.1.6.2 A320/A330/A340 Controls  4-22
4.2 Operational Recommendations for TAWS  4-23
4.2.1 For the Airline 4-23
4.2.2 For the Flight Crew 4-24
4.3 Regulations for TAWS 4-24
4.4 Manufacturers for TAWS  4-25
4.4.1 Honeywell EGPWS 4-25
4.4.2 ACSS T2CAS 4-25
4.5 Future Systems 4-26

The generic name of the system that fulfills the Terrain Awareness function is Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS). The TAWS alerts the flight crew in a timely manner of hazardous situation ahead of the aircraft to avoid Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT). Honeywell was the first to propose the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), followed by the Enhanced GPWS (EGPWS). Later on, ACSS released an integrated solution combining the Traffic Awareness and the Terrain Awareness functions: the Traffic and Terrain Collision Avoidance System (T2CAS). The TCAS part of T2CAS is identical to the stand-alone TCAS 2000. The TAWS part of T2CAS is also called Ground Collision Avoidance System (GCAS).
The present chapter describes the Terrain Awareness function as per (E)GPWS or T2CAS. These two systems are quite similar. The differences are highlighted when needed.
　
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