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Flight instructors often provide required training and endorsements for certificated pilots. AC 61-98, Currency and Additional Qualification Requirements for Certificated Pilots, contains information to assist the instructor in providing training/endorsements for flight reviews, instrument proficiency checks, and transitions to other makes and models of aircraft.
Included in the AC is general guidance in each of these areas, references to other related documents, and sample training plans that are pertinent to this type of training.Flight Reviews
The purpose of the flight review (required by 14 CFR section 61.56) is to provide for a regular evaluation of pilot skills and aeronautical knowledge. According to the regulation, it is also intended to offer pilots the opportunity to design a personal currency and proficiency program in consultation with a CFI. In effect, the flight review is the aeronautical equivalent of a regular medical checkup and ongoing health improvement program.
The conduct of flight reviews for certificated pilots is a responsibility of the flight instructor, and is also an excellent opportunity for the instructor to expand his or her professional services. The flight review is intended to be an industry-managed, FAA-monitored currency program. The flight review is not a test or a check ride, but an instructional service designed to assess a pilot’s knowledge and skills. As stated in 14 CFR part 61, no person may act as PIC of an aircraft unless a flight review has been accomplished within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Effective pilot refresher training must be based on specific objectives and standards. The objectives should include a thorough checkout appropriate to the pilot certificate and
E-3
Figure E-2. This sample logbook endorsement is for completion of a flight review.
NR
T/ONRNST.APP.I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate)(certificate number) has satisfactorily completed a flight review of §61.56(b) on (date). S/S [date] J.J. Jones 987654321 CFI Exp. 12-31-2007REMARKS AND ENDORSEMENTS
aircraft ratings held, and the standards should be at least those required for the issuance of that pilot certificate. Before beginning any training, the pilot and the instructor should agree fully on these objectives and standards, and, as training progresses, the pilot should be kept appraised of progress toward achieving those goals.
A flight review is an excellent opportunity for a CFI to review pilot decision-making skills. To get the information needed to evaluate ADM skills, including risk management, give the pilot multiple opportunities to make decisions and ask questions about those decisions. For example, ask the pilot to explain why the alternate airport selected for the diversion exercise is a safe and appropriate choice. What are the possible hazards, and what can the pilot do to mitigate them? Be alert to the pilot’s information and automation management skills as well. For example, does the pilot perform regular “common sense crosschecks?” For more ideas on generating scenarios that teach risk management, visit www.faa.gov/library/manuals/pilot_risk/.
AC 61-98, Currency and Additional Qualification Requirements for Certificated Pilots, chapter 1, provides guidance for conducting the flight review. Appendix B is a sample flight review plan and checklist. Appendix C is a sample list of flight review knowledge, maneuvers, and procedures, and it contains recommended procedures and standards for general pilot refresher courses. At the conclusion of a successful flight review, the logbook of the pilot should be endorsed, as recommended by AC 61-65. [Figure E-2]
In addition to the required maneuvers conducted during the flight review, flight instructors should also review and discuss those special emphasis items listed in the flight instructor PTS.Instrument Proficiency Checks
Instrument rated pilots who have not met instrument currency requirements in the preceding 6 months or for 6 months thereafter are required by 14 CFR part 61 to pass an instrument proficiency check ride in order to regain their instrument flying privileges.
AC 61-98 contains guidance for the conduct of an instrument proficiency check, including a sample plan of action and checklist. The primary reference for specific maneuvers and any associated tolerances for an instrument proficiency check ride is the Instrument Rating PTS, which includes a matrix table of required operations and tasks. A pilot taking an instrument proficiency check is expected to meet the criteria of the specific tasks selected in the Instrument Rating PTS.
Aircraft and instrument ratings appropriate to the aircraft being flown must be listed on the flight instructor’s instructor certificate. Part or all of the check may be conducted in a flight training device or flight simulator that meets 14 CFR section 141.41 requirements. The FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) having jurisdiction over the area where the device is used must specifically approve each flight training device or flight simulator. If planning to use a flight training device or flight simulator to conduct all or part of an instrument proficiency check, instructors should contact the local FSDO to verify the approval status of the device.Aircraft Checkouts/Transitions
　
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