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Livestock will appear along a balloon’s flightpath, as well as landing sites. Follow these livestock tips to minimize disruptions during these encounters:
• Always watch for signs of livestock: barns, sheds, silos, fences, muck heaps, tractors, trailers, stacked bales of straw and hay, and mudded areas all point to some form of livestock nearby.
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• Stay away from barns and building clusters – livestock are most likely inside or nearby.
• Livestock are most active in the morning and early evening. When hot, they seek shade near buildings or under trees. When cold, they gather together to conserve heat and seek shelter from wind anywhere.
• Livestock breaking out of their field or enclosures as the balloon flies by demands immediate attention. A cow in the road can total a car; the driver will not do well either. The chase crew should either find the farmer or take steps to contain or protect the livestock without endangering themselves.
• The sound of a human voice can often calm agitated or frightened livestock—talk to them. Use calm and easy tones.
• Horses with riders warrant particular caution. A highly visible wave from the basket to the rider acknowledges their presence and says that all possible care is being taken.
Chapter Summary
As with the previous chapter, this chapter explains techniques and procedures that have come to be generally accepted throughout most of the ballooning community. They are by no means an exhaustive explanation of “how to fly.” Some of the procedures may seem unduly complex, but with practice and experience, these maneuvers come naturally.
A good pilot observes other pilots and incorporates techniques that are safe and acceptable. New pilots sometimes fly with different instructors, in order to gain a perspective on “how the other guy does it”; other, more experienced pilots fly with another commercial pilot during a flight review. Almost all flight methodology, as long as it is safely conducted, and with a plan and purpose behind it, is acceptable for use as long as the performance requirements of the PTS can be met.
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8-1
Introduction
No other aircraft has as many different types of landings as a balloon. Rarely are two landings in a balloon the same, and each has its own unique characteristics. The prime consideration in any balloon landing is the safety of the pilot and passengers. While accessibility, ease of recovery, and possible damage to the balloon are certainly considerations in any balloon landing, these do not override the simple fact that preventing injury to occupants must be the primary goal of any balloon pilot.
Landing
and Recovery
Chapter 8
8-2
Figure 8-1. Horizontal approach path as normally visualized and performed.
Accident statistics indicate that the landing sequence is the portion of flight in which the most injuries occur.
The Approach
An axiom of ballooning is “the best altitude for landing is the lowest altitude.” Anyone can land from one foot above the ground; it takes skill to land from 100 feet. The pilot’s ultimate goal in making the approach is to set himself up to make a smooth, gentle landing in the best possible location without causing damage to the balloon or injury to the passengers.
Conventional wisdom indicates three types of approaches to landing in ballooning—stair step, straight line, and steep (previously discussed in Chapter 7, Inflight Maneuvers). In reality, the stair step and straight line approaches are considered the same type of approach, a controlled approach, while the steep approach is viewed as an accelerated approach. Any approach is considered to be a variation of one of these two or perhaps a combination.
Of more importance, and a point frequently missed by newer or inexperienced pilots, is that the approach is being performed in two different planes or dimensions. Pilots are accustomed to thinking of the approach in vertical terms, but frequently discount the fact that the approach is also being performed on the horizontal plane.
Refer to Figure 8-1. This is the approach path to the selected landing site for this pilot. Most pilots presume that this will happen after making a determination of lower level winds, evaluating obstacle clearance, noting the presence of powerlines, and making the decision to commit to the landing. After that, the primary focus becomes making the descent without further consideration of the lateral or horizontal movement.
In Figure 8-2, the pilot has determined the winds below, and has set up for the same approach ensuring obstacle clearance, powerline considerations, and making the commitment to land. The difference here is that the pilot has a higher level
8-3
340° 600' AG
L320° 450' AGL305° 300' AGL290° 150' AGL270° 100' AGL
Figure 8-2. The horizontal plane’s “reality” approach to landing.
　
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