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of flight efficiency and environmental performance
indicators measuring the effectiveness of
the ATM system in terms of distance, time, fuel
and economic impact of the en-route flight
phases.
SUPPORT TO RESEARCH
To support research, the Centre has developed
key methodologies (safety, validation) and technical
infrastructure (ATC simulation and experimentation
platform, human factor laboratory).
KEY METHODOLOGIES
SAFETY
In the wake of the tragic mid-air collision over
the Bodensee, the High-Level European Action
Group on ATM Safety (AGAS) identified a need
for targeted R&D to improve safety in European
ATM. Some of the key results obtained in 2003
were:
 The ACAS Monitoring Cell detected a series of
incidents relating to the new terminology in
TCAS Version 7 which had led to pilot confusion
and unsafe action in a number of cases.
An explanation of the problem and a warning
advisory note was sent out.
 The Centre-developed Automatic Safety
Monitoring Tool (ASMT) was requested by the
DFS and ENAV and is being delivered. ASMT
has now reached the end of its R&D phase and
in 2004 the implementation of ASMT across
Europe will be led by EUROCONTROL. ASMT is
already used by NATS, Bratislava, and
Maastricht.
 The Safety Research Team developed a means
of using the Target Level of Safety (TLS) in
safety cases, a key requirement for ATM industry
risk assessment.
 A safety focus has been integrated in six projects
in the NCD, SSP and APT research areas. In
2004, this will be increased to twelve projects
and include an overall risk picture for SSP's
proposed future operational concept. For
NCD, collaboration on investigating complexity
and safety for the Maastricht Centre and for
APT, safety activities related to continuous
approach and ground monitoring systems
(ASMGCS).
 In an endeavour to improve the safety culture
of the Centre, a safety culture survey revealed
a reasonable level of safety understanding
but plenty of scope for improvement.
Subsequently, a Strategic Safety Research Plan
has described how safety should better fit in
the Centre’s activities. A second safety culture
survey will be carried out in 2004, and a Safety
Management System will be developed for
the Centre.
VALIDATION
A ‘Validation Methodology’ was reviewed by
Gate-to-Gate (G2G) partners and accepted by
the European Commission in May 2003.
Further G2G developments resulted in a draft
EUROCONTROL Concept Validation Methodology.
The plan for 2004 is to make available a
European Concept Validation Methodology that
all projects sponsored by EUROCONTROL or the
European Commission will be expected to apply.
TECHNICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
HUMAN FACTORS LABORATORY
The human factors laboratory was completed in
2003. It facilitates human factors experimentation
at an early stage in the development of new
systems and tools. It also offers a prototyping
platform and a variety of human factors equipment,
such as eye movement tracking and psycho-
physiological measurement devices.
As a complement to the lab and in cooperation
with the human factor domain, human factors
training was given to EUROCONTROL personnel.
ERIS
The EATM Reference Industry-based ATM
Simulation and Trials Platform (ERIS) Programme
provides simulation and trials platforms to support
the validation activities of the European Air
Traffic Management Plan (EATMP) and the
European Commission. ERIS is an important
enabler for the EATM Validation Programmes
and a link between these and the EC’s Applied
Research Programmes. ERIS also addresses the
need for open systems architecture with which
to validate future ATM concepts and to progress
from the definition and design phases to implementation.
ESCAPE
ESCAPE is the reference platform for the EUROCONTROL
Air Traffic Management Programme. A
major target for ERIS in 2003 was to replace the
ESCAPE real-time ATM simulator platform with
ACE (Avenue-compliant ESCAPE).
ESCAPE has been adapted to support new features,
including an industry-supplied Arrival
Manager and enhancements to Airborne
Separation Assurance System (ASAS), Datalink
and Medium-Term Conflict Detection (MTCD).
In October, the Airbus Iron Bird test bed in
Toulouse was linked using ‘pre-operational’
equipment with the ESCAPE in Brétigny for validation
of datalink. In November, a live trial of
MTCD was run at the Maastricht UAC, considered
　
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本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL Annual Report 2003(21)