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including platoon recall and search task coordination from 22 to 27 Feb 00;
• Provide a minimum of four operational search platoons for the search exercise 22
to 27 Feb 00.
7.2 Materials
Table 3 summarises the data collection tools that were used at the exercise. As was
mentioned, the focus was on the more objective observational techniques.
Nonetheless, the questionnaires were administered in order to assess whether the
questions held relevance in an army HQ. In the past, the Teamwork Questionnaire
has only been administered to military personnel during the Military Appreciation
Process, while the NASA TLX has not been used in an Australian Army HQ.
Appendix B contains copies of the draft proformas used to refine and collect data.
Table 3: Data collection tools trialed at exercise
Name Purpose Data Collection
Technique
Time Required
from HQ personnel
Team Behaviour
Measurement (Draft)
Determine team
performance
Observations during
exercise
N/A
Objective Taskload
Measurement (Draft)
Determine C2
taskload and structure
Observations during
exercise
N/A
Teamwork Questionnaire Assess subjective team
performance
Questionnaire given at
end of shift/task
10 minutes
NASA TLX Assess subjective
workload
Questionnaire given at
end of shift/task
5 minutes
7.3 Procedure
7.3.1 Attendance Schedule
Table 4 summarises the attendance by the analysts during the exercise. Observations
were conducted at Battalion HQ (Hampstead Barracks, Building 64), and Company
HQ (Football Park). The advantage of observing two types of HQ is that if the tools
were useful at both, it would demonstrate a high degree of cross-situational
generality.
Table 4: Attendance schedule of DSTO personnel at Exercise Rhino Charge
Date Attendance Hours Analysts Purpose
22/2/00 1800-2400 Mills,
Stothard,
Williams
Familiarisation/Preliminary
Observations: Battalion HQ
23-24/2/00 1800-0400 Mills
Huf
Refinement of data collection
techniques: Battalion & Company HQ
24-25/2/00 1800-0400 Mills
Huf
Refinement of data collection
techniques: Battalion HQ
25-26/02/00 1800-0400 Stothard
Williams
Data collection: Battalion HQ
26-27/02/00 1800-0400 Stothard
Williams
Data collection: Company HQ
DSTO-TR-1034
21
7.3.2 Familiarisation and Preliminary Observations
On the first night of the exercise, the aim was to become familiar with the
surroundings, the personnel, and the nature of the exercise. This involved mapping
the structure, identifying the individuals, and listing their key duties.
7.3.3 Determining Category Parameters
Nights 2-3 were spent determining teamwork and taskwork category parameters.
This consisted of observing the various HQ personnel for extended durations and
performing the following steps:
1. Assess whether behaviour is observable. Table 5, in Section 8.1.2, lists the
teamwork categories that were examined at the exercise. Taskwork categories
were not pre-determined. Instead, the goal was to decompose key duties into
physical and cognitive load, and temporal organisation.
2. Identify possible sampling methods (eg. continuous, focal subject, behaviour,
etc.).
3. Identify sample interval and period (eg. 2 minute intervals across 1 hour).
4. Develop draft data sheet
5. Test sampling techniques for the different behaviours.
7.3.4 Collecting Trial Data
Nights 4-5 were spent collecting trial data using the developed methodology. It
should be noted that during each observation period, only one of the observers was a
Human Factors specialist. The other observer was familiar with military exercises,
but unfamiliar with team process data recording. The advantage of using this
observer was that it allowed an assessment of whether a naive observer could readily
recognise categories that a Human Factors specialist had identified.
8. Results/Discussion
8.1 Familiarisation and Preliminary Observations
8.1.1 10/27 Regiment: Battalion and Company Headquarters
The Battalion headquarters consisted of the following roles/cells:
• Officer in Charge: Assumed overall responsibility for Headquarters.
• Two Liaison Officers (LOs): These roles pertained to the specific units, and were sometimes
deployed to area of operations (AO).
• The Operations Cell (OPS). Included following individuals:
1. Duty Officer: Assumed local responsibility for OPS. Also acted as second in charge (2IC),
reporting up to CO when necessary.
2. Duty Clerk.
3. Signals Officer.
　
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