Published by
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© Commonwealth of Australia 2000
AR-011-554
September 2000
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Towards a Research Methodology for
Assessing Army Command Team Performance:
A Preliminary Examination
Executive Summary
Military command teams are currently being provided with digital support tools that
automate information management processes and provide access to an increased level
of information. The introduction of these systems into what was a manual process has
the potential for significant impact on team processes. Research on aviation and naval
command team performance suggests that not all aspects of digitisation improve
performance. This creates a requirement for the development of techniques that
identify and delineate the teamwork and the taskwork processes in Army Command
and Control. Taskwork consists of behaviours that are performed by team members
and are critical to the execution of team member functions. Teamwork, in contrast,
consists of behaviours that are related to team member interactions, and are necessary
to establish coordination among the team members to achieve goals.
This report presents observational methodologies that are being developed to collect
behavioural data on team processes in Army HQ. This report describes this approach,
and presents a sample of data that can be generated using these methods. The
techniques have been applied to observations within the Australian Army to determine
their usefulness, and to collect empirical data on the information flow among the team,
the team dynamics, the task characteristics, and the overall workload. A strength of
this approach is that it can be applied at any level of HQ, and at different intensities
and tempos. It also provides indices of performance that can be correlated with other
outcome measures, as well as implications for decision support system design based on
functional accounts of behaviour.

Authors
Vanessa Mills
Land Operations Division
Vanessa Mills graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1994
with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Honours in Psychology.
Vanessa has since worked at the University of Adelaide,
Department of Psychology, lecturing in the areas of Learning,
Environmental Psychology, and Animal Behaviour. She completed
her PhD in 1998, and in 1999 joined the Department of Defence.
Vanessa is currently involved with the Optimising C4ISR Systems
Integration Task. She is also involved with collaborative research
on naturalistic decision making at the Department of Psychology,
University of Adelaide. Vanessa is employed as a Research
Scientist within the Human Systems Integration discipline.
____________________ ________________________________________________
Christina Stothard
Land Operations Division
Christina Stothard graduated from the University of Adelaide in
1991 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Honours in Psychology.
Christina has since worked at the University of Adelaide at the
Departments of Community Medicine, Clinical and Experimental
Pharmacology and Psychiatry, as well as the University of South
Australia in the School of Social Science. In 1998 Christina joined
the Department of Defence and has had a key role in developing
performance measures of operational Army headquarters, and
reviewing the problems of introducing digital systems into a
workplace. As part of the C2 team evaluating the operation of the
BCSS in the Army she has interviewed 1 Brigade (Darwin), 7
Brigade (Brisbane) and 9 Brigade (Adelaide). Christina is
currently employed as a Professional Officer with the Human
Systems Integration discipline, and tasked to Optimising C4ISR
Systems Integration Task.
____________________ ________________________________________________

DSTO-TR-1034
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Human Factors Problems In Military Command Teams .................................. 1
1.2 Towards a Research Methodology in Army C2 .................................................. 1
1.3 Defining the Team Performance............................................................................ 2
1.4 Observational Methods ........................................................................................... 3
1.5 Towards a Predictive Model of Performance: The Behaviour Systems
Approach ................................................................................................................... 4
　
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