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the psychologist in 2005 (we note that an annual checkup by a psychologist is
not mandatory for persons younger than 50 and is carried out only by special
referral from a neuropathologist). The medical history sheet does not contain the
results of his visit to the psychologist in 2005.
It is possible that the PEB psychologist did not initiate independent
psychological examination in December 2005 on the basis of the referral from
the neuropathologist because the psychologist possessed data from the
psychological testing of the Captain that was carried out at the beginning of
2005 by a psychologist from Sibir (in Moscow) for the purpose of evaluating the
pilot's suitability to undergo conversion training on the new type of airplane (A-
310).
Note: From 1986 to 2001 the rules for selecting candidates among pilots
for conversion training on new equipment, including the list of methods for their
testing, quantitative criteria for the assessment of results and the rules for
drawing conclusions were regulated by the "Guidelines for psychological
selection in civil aviation" (1986). In this connection for over 15 years
psychologists have carried out examinations to select candidates for conversion
training using a standardized set of methods, have applied established criteria
for the assessment of results and used one of three prescribed formulations to
draw conclusions: "recommended in the first instance", "recommended in the
second instance", "not recommended for conversion training". However, these
rules were not incorporated in the new 2001 Guidelines for selection because
they were planned in the long term for clarification and renewal (considering
new types of aircraft). Since this section of the Guidelines was not consequently
updated, this now allows airline psychologists to independently apply a select
set of tests and their own criteria for selecting candidates for conversion
training. Thus, the rules for drawing conclusions when selecting candidates for
conversion training turn out to be dependent on such subjective factors as the
psychologist's professional expertise and competence, which can prove to be
inadequate. This circumstance indicates the need for the fundamental updating
of the section of the Guidelines relating to the selection of pilots for conversion
training on new equipment, which involves the development of clearer and
statistically justified criteria for the previously used testing methods as well as
the involvement of new methods with standards developed for the flight crew.
Given the absence of any clear indications in the rules for selecting
candidates for conversion training, the psychologist from Sibir carried out the
Final Report
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AVIATION COMMITTEE
84
psychological testing of the Captain in 2005 using a set of tests that she chose
independently. It should be noted that the psychologist selected a sufficiently
wide range of psychodiagnostic methods to assess both intellectual and
personality features.
Although the pilot again demonstrated in intellectual tests a sufficiently
high level of integrity of his psychological functions, the personality methods
evaluating not the intellect but emotional reactions and human behavior showed
contradictory results. For example, the Sondi test conclusion gives a
characterization of his emotional state: "emotional instability, emotionally
intense reaction to stress with a tendency towards fears".
The Kettell test indicates the contradictory combination of a high degree
of emotional instability with an equally expressed self-control of personality
over his behavior and discipline.
Note: The Kettell test is considered an insufficiently reliable method. For
this reason, the main personality method recognized in civil aviation was the
MMPI method and not the Kettell test. This is indicated in the "Guidelines for
psychological support..." (2001). The reason for such a decision regarding the
Kettell test was the following circumstance described in the "Guidelines for the
application of personality test methods to reveal delineated psychopathological
conditions for psychophysiological selection in civil aviation" (1983): "One
shortcoming of the method in its present form is the absence of a population
standard for a modified Russian version of the test. To obtain such a standard
the test can be used only as an auxiliary method for comparing studied groups
among themselves without attempting to make judgments about the relation of
the data obtained against a population background. Even in this case we should
consider the possible discrepancy between the standardization used (within the
　
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