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and then automatically exits the holding pattern at the fix. The predicted speed in the holding
pattern is the lowest of the ICAO speed limit, max endurance speed, or any speed constraint.
Guidance to the fix in the holding pattern is similar to that on any leg of a flight plan. The HF
patterns are part of the navigation database and cannot be created by the crew.
HOLD TO ALTITUDE (HA)
The aircraft flies the hold until it reaches the specified altitude. Then, it automatically exits the hold
at the fix.
The predicted speed for the holding pattern is the lowest of the ICAO speed limits, the max
endurance speed, or any speed constraint.
The size of the holding pattern is a function of the predicted speed.
Guidance in a hold to altitude (HA) is similar to that for any leg of a flight plan.
The HAs are in the navigation database, as part of the arrival or departure procedures, and cannot
be created by the crew.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLEET DSC-22_20-30-10-18 P 10/44
FCOM 19 AUG 10
HOLD WITH MANUAL TERMINATION (HM)
This type of holding pattern may be part of an arrival procedure, or the pilot may enter it at the
present position or at any flight plan waypoint.
The pilot will use this type of holding pattern to comply with a defined procedure or a clearance
limit, or to meet an operational need (such as losing altitude, holding for weather improvement, or
absorbing an ATC delay).
This type of holding pattern is exited according to the pilot’s decision, not automatically.
There are 3 types of HMs , and all are modifiable.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLEET DSC-22_20-30-10-18 P 11/44
FCOM 19 AUG 10
DATABASE HOLD
If the holding pattern is part of the database, all its associated data (inbound course, turn
direction, time/distance) are defined in the database. The flight crew can modify this data,
leading to the creation of a temporary F-PLN.
COMPUTED HOLD
If the holding pattern is not in the database, the FMGC may design a holding pattern and
proposes it to the pilot. The associated data consists of default values that the pilot can modify.
This results in creating a temporary F-PLN.
PREDICTIONS AND GUIDANCE ASSOCIATED WITH A HM HOLDING PATTERN (HOLD
WITH
MANUAL TERMINATION)
Before deceleration
Although the hold is inserted in the flight plan, the FMGS does not take it into account for
predictions until the aircraft enters the hold.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLEET DSC-22_20-30-10-18 P 12/44
FCOM 19 AUG 10
However, if the hold is not deleted by the crew, the FMGS schedules a deceleration point and
displays it on the ND.
Note: The deceleration point is located along the F-PLN, 3 min before the HM entry fix.
The FMGS predicts the estimated time and amount of fuel remaining at which the aircraft
must exit holding, so as to comply with the fuel policy specified on the fuel prediction page.
When the aircraft enters the holding pattern, the FMGS revises all predictions and assumes
the aircraft will fly one turn of the holding pattern.
All predictions are revised for one more the holding circuit at the holding fix overfly.
Upon reaching the speed change pseudo waypoint
The FMGS either causes the aircraft to decelerate to the hold speed (if managed speed
is active and NAV mode engaged), or displays “SET HOLD SPD” (set hold speed) on the
MCDU and primary flight display, if the flight crew had selected a speed target.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLEET DSC-22_20-30-10-18 P 13/44
FCOM 19 AUG 10
The default hold speed is the lowest of the :
‐ Maximum endurance speed
‐ ICAO limit holding speed
‐ Speed constraint (if any).
When no specific speed limit applies, the default hold speed is approximately equal to :
‐ Green Dot speed on the A318, A319, A320 (CFM) and A321
‐ Green Dot + 20 kt on the A320 (IAE).
The flight plan predictions for time and fuel do not yet consider that the hold will be flown,
however, the navigation display shows the hold entry and holding pattern trajectory.
Deceleration receives priority, so that when the aircraft is in descent with the descent mode
　
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