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EUR0C0NTR0L published CEM Imple¬mentation Guidance in November 2008, following stakeholder approval. According to Watt, they are "the first-ever guidance on CEM at airports" and will comple¬ment the CDA guidelines, published by the Agency, in September 2007. Already, 3,000 copies of the CDA guidelines have been distributed, with the majority of that number resulting from requests direct from industry. "This will go a long way to helping EUR0C0NTR0L achieve its target of implementing CDAs at 100 airports by 2013," says Watt.
SES, SESAR AND CLEAN SKY Furthermore, EUR0C0NTR0L has endorsed the 10 per cent reduction in C02 emissions by 2013, proposed by the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) programme. The first legislative package for the Single European Sky
(SES), adopted in 2004, contains specific reference to environmental friendliness; its Airspace Regulation 6.1 states that route and sector design should be done in such a way as to enable safe, cost-effective and environmentally friendly use of airspace.
The second legislative package, which was adopted by the European Commis¬sion in July 2008 (but is not yet law), brings the application of the SES-I Pack¬age regulations down from the upper air¬ space to ground level, and will, therefore, have significant implications for airports and their environs. So, as Watt explains, the pressure on aviation is to squeeze out the last drops of efficiency from within the existing system, while preparing for the implementation of SES.
To do this, SESAR is aligning its work programmes ever-closer with the European Commission's Clean Sky Joint technology Initiative. While SESAR pre¬pares the networks, procedures, profiles and their associated technologies, Clean Sky is looking into more efficient engines, better aircraft aerodynamics, lighter materials and a way to make the most of the aircraft energy systems in flight. Huge sums of money are being targeted at this R&D activity — with SESAR spending as
 
 
 
much as €2.1 billion and Clean Sky €1.7 billion — between now and 2016.
EMISSI0NS TRADING SCHEME
Perhaps the most controversial of all the environmental and economic pressures is the decision to bring aviation into the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) in 2012. ETS has a number of thresholds relating to aircraft weight, C02 emissions and the number of movements.
EUR0C0NTR0L has a vital role to play, as it holds much of the data necessary to making the system work. This data is held in its PAG0DA and other databases and will be used to work out some of the complicated equations to ascertain whether an aircraft operator should be part of the scheme in any particular year.
Consequently, the Agency will provide a supporting role to both the system administrators and those trading within the ETS. 0n the one hand, its data will be used to help the administrators set the all-important emissions baseline and on the other, to help the airspace users determine exactly how much C02 they have emitted.
EUR0C0NTR0L is also looking at ways it can help some airspace users minimise the financial burden the scheme will impose. Watt explains: "We have been working closely with the European Busi¬ness Aviation Association on testing our
systems with a number of business opera¬tors to see how we could supply data en masse to an EBAA-agreed body." The idea behind these experiments is to work out a
way of taking some of the administrative load from the airlines, particularly those with a small back-office infrastructure, by setting up an umbrella organisation that could do some of the work for them.
The ETS is just one of a number of environmental and economic constraints that are ramping up the pressure on the aviation industry to reduce its carbon footprint. The architects of these plans, however, are not pushing on a closed door. Aviation is acutely aware that if it wants to expand its operations, it can only do so with the support of local, national and international politicians, pressure groups and the public at large. This sup¬port will depend on the industry's ability to prove that it is tackling its negative impact on the environment.
　
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