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45.
 AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION. A school is required under FAR Part 141 to describe the type(s) of aircraft, including any special equipment used for each phase of instruction, in the TCO for each particular course of training for which approval is sought. A particular type of aircraft may be used for one or several courses of training provided that aircraft meets the requirements of FAR 5
141.39 and is not prohibited from performing any of the procedures and maneuvers required by the particular course or portion of the course of training for which it will be used.

46.
 AIRCRAFT USED FOR INSTRUMENT TRAINING. Aircraft used for instrument training must be equipped as follows to meet the requirements of FAR Part 141:

a. If the approved training syllabus requires flights
under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) under FAR Part 9 1, the aircraft used must be one in which instrument flight is authorized by its operating limitations and by its equipment;
6.
If the approved training syllabus requires only simulated IFR operations, the

aircraft must be equipped and maintained for IFR operations. However, IFR operations need not be authorized by its operating limitations; or
c.
An aircraft not completely equippedfor IFR operations may be used for instruction in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference to instruments if it is approved in the TCO. For example, an airplane need only be equipped with appropriate flight instruments needed for the basic instrument portion of a course of training.
47.
 COMPLEX AIRPLANE REQUIRE-MENTS. The commercial pilot certification course for airplanes and the commercial pilot test course for airplanes, set forth in Appendixes D and E of FAR Part 141, require flight instruction in an airplane with a retractable gear, flaps, a controllable pitch propeller, and powered by at least a 180 horsepower engine. If a school applies for a commercial pilot certification or test course for airplanes with a seaplane-class rating (using seaplanes for the entire course) a special curriculum should be submitted under FAR 8
141.57, which includes the general requirement of Appendix D, Commercial Pilot Certification Course (Airplanes). A complex seaplane will have, at a minimum, operable wing flaps and a controllable pitch propeller. The use of an appropriately equipped amphibious airplane in a commercial pilot certification or test course could qualify a student for both a land and sea class rating, provided the TCO was so approved.

48.
 GROUND TRAINERS. When a ground trainer is used in an approved training course, the full extent of that use should be clearly stated in the training syllabus and the learning outcomes should be well defined. This is necessary to provide the instructor with proper guidance, and give the FAA a baseline from which to judge the adequacy of the trainer to be used.

a. FAR §
 141.41(a)(I) prescribes the requirements for ground trainers that may be used to obtain the maximum flight training credit
　
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