曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

The flight crew must keep in mind that the wing temperature of the aircraft may be significantly lower than 0 °C, after a flight at high altitude and low temperature, even if the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) is higher than 0 °C. In such cases, humidity or rain will cause ice accretion on the upper
wing, and light frost under the wing. (Only 3 mm of frost on the under side of the wing tank area is acceptable.)
EXTERIOR INSPECTION
When icing conditions on ground are encountered, and/or when ice accretion is suspected, the Captain should determine, on the basis of the exterior inspection, whether the aircraft requires ground deicing/anti-icing treatment. This visual inspection must take into account all vital parts of the aircraft, and must be performed from locations that offer a clear view of these parts.
COCKPIT PREPARATION
The following systems may be affected in very cold weather:
? EFIS/ECAM (when the cockpit temperature is very low)
? IRS alignment (may take longer than usual, up to 15 min)
The probe and window heating may be used on ground. Heating automatically operates at low power.
 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ADVERSE WEATHER
 
AIRCRAFT DEICING/ANTI-ICING ON GROUND
DEICING/ANTI-ICING FLUID
Deicing/anti-icing fluids must be able to remove ice and to prevent its accumulation on aircraft surfaces until the beginning of the takeoff. In addition, the fluids must flow off the surfaces of the aircraft during takeoff, in order not to degrade takeoff performance.
Several types of fluids can be used. These fluids have different characteristics:
type 1 type 2, 3, 4
Low viscosity High viscosity
Limited holdover time Longer holdover time
Used mainly for deicing Used for deicing and anti-icing

The holdover time starts from the beginning of the application of the fluid, and depends on the type of fluid, and on the nature and severity of precipitation. The flight crew should refer to applicable tables as guidelines. These tables must be used in conjunction with the pre-takeoff check.
Depending upon the severity of the weather, the deicing/anti-icing procedure must be applied either:
? In one step, via the single application of heated and diluted deicing/anti-icing fluid: This procedure provides a short holdover time, and should be used in low moisture conditions only. The holdover time starts from the beginning of the application of the fluid.
? In two steps, by first applying the heated deicing fluid, then by applying a protective anti-icing fluid: These two sprays must be applied consecutively. The holdover time starts from the beginning of the application of the second fluid.
PROCEDURES
The following outlines the various procedures to be applied before and after spraying:
? All ENG and APU BLEED pushbuttons must be set to OFF and the DITCHING pushbutton must be set to ON, to prevent any engine ingestion of deicing/anti-icing fluid.
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：A330/A340 機組訓練手冊 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 2(53)