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To distinguish activities performed by the Authority from activities performed by the provider or customers, the term inspection has been chosen for tasks performed by the Authority and the term audit has been chosen for tasks performed by the provider or customers. This has necessitated a change of title to “common inspection manual”. This choice of terms is also in line with terms used by the JAA.
This said, the principles behind the manual are the same as used for carrying out audits with the necessary changes needed to support the task of the Authority. One example of such adjustment is a stronger emphasis on corrective/preventive action follow-up and monitoring.
The manual is generic so that the principles laid down may be used for managing, planning, executing and following-up of inspections toward all types of providers, aerodromes included.
It is assumed that supplementary guidance material may be developed by the relevant Authorities as necessary.

DEFINITIONS

Audit:  A systematic and independent examination carried out by the provider, a third party or by customers to determine whether infrastructure, systems, products or services comply with regulatory or other applicable standards. 
Authority:  National agency responsible for safety regulation and oversight of the aviation system. 
Inspection:  A systematic examination carried out by the Authority to determine whether the providers infrastructure, systems, products or services comply with regulatory, or other applicable standards including the stated safety management system of the provider. 
Provider:  Organisation providing a product or service to aviation and which is accountable to the Authority. 

AUTHORITY’S MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES

The Authority responsible for safety oversight should establish a capability to provide overall management of the entire inspection process.
This includes, but is not necessarily limited to the following:
a)  Determine the standards to inspect against.
b  Develop capabilities to enable them to inspect effectively against such standards.
c)  Formulate the policy on types of inspections, including core and themed areas.
d)  Establish procedures for planning and scheduling the programme of inspections.
e)  Selecting inspectors and lead inspectors for particular assignments in order to ensure that the skills brought to each assignment are appropriate.
f)  Formalise inspection report formats.
g)  Establish boundaries of lead inspector authority.

h) Establish procedures to monitor corrective/preventive action follow-up.
i) Establish policy and procedures in case of major non-conformities.
j) Produce a formal and structured training programme for inspectors.
k) Regularly assess the training needs of inspectors and take appropriate action to maintain and improve inspection skills.
　
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本文鏈接地址：European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions(35)