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the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and until all such
persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or
in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. The NTSB defines "incident" as an
occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which
affects or could affect the safety of operations. The NTSB database contains only
selected incident reports. Source: NTSB; update frequency: monthly.
· The FAA Incident Data System contains a much more extensive collection of records
of events that do not meet aircraft damage or personal injury thresholds contained in
the NTSB definition of an accident. Source: FAA; update frequency: monthly.
· The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) is a voluntary, confidential, and
anonymous incident reporting system. It is a cooperative program established under
FAA Advisory Circular No. 00-46D, funded by the FAA, and administered by the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Information collected by
the ASRS is used to identify hazards and safety discrepancies in the National Aviation
Airspace System. It is also used to formulate policy and to strengthen the foundation
of aviation human factors safety research. Source: NASA; update frequency:
quarterly.
· The Near Midair Collisions System (NMACS) Database includes the special category
of aviation incidents known as NMACS. Separate reporting and investigation
procedures have been established for this category of incident. The technical definition
of a NMAC is an incident associated with the operation of an aircraft in which a
possibility of collision occurs as a result of proximity of less than 500 feet to another
aircraft, or where a collision hazard existed between two or more aircraft. A report
does not necessarily involve the violation of regulations or an error by the air traffic
control system, nor does it necessarily represent an unsafe condition. Because
NMACs are reported by pilots or other crew members, some of the information may
represent the reporter's subjective interpretation of what occurred, and because the
motivation to report differs among pilots and crews, the number of events reported
probably does not represent the total universe of NMAC events. Source: FAA; update
frequency: monthly.
· NTSB Safety Recommendations to the FAA with FAA Responses. The NTSB uses the
information it gathers during accident investigations and the determination of probable
cause to make safety recommendations to all elements of the transportation industry.
While the recipient of a recommendation does not have to implement the proposed
action, it does have to respond formally to the recommendation and specify what
action is, or is not, being taken, and why. This database contains the NTSB Safety
DATA NEEDS AND MODEL CALIBRATION
8-5
Recommendations to the FAA with FAA Responses. Source: FAA; update frequency:
monthly.
· The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) Airline Traffic Statistics spreadsheet
contains traffic and capacity statistics on individual airline operations. Statistics
presented include departures, hours flown, and miles flown by airline, by year.
· The International Safety Recommendations Database contains the safety
recommendations from aviation authorities of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the
United States. This database is a project of the "International Data Exchange for
Aviation Safety" (IDEAS) group.
· The Aviation Safety Statistical Handbook contains information on national airspace
incidents and accidents. Data in tabular and graphical format are presented for near
midair collisions (NMACs), operational errors (OEs), operational deviations (ODs),
pilot deviations (PDs), vehicle/pedestrian deviations (VPDs), runway incursions (RIs),
and aircraft accidents. Data are presented for 1991 through 1996.
8.4.2 Performance Monitoring Analysis Capability (PMAC)
PMAC is a data analysis tool that provides improved accessibility to airline operations and
airport data in a PC environment. PMAC, Version 2.0, has three main modules:
· Airport Demand: PMAC captures scheduled demand from the Official Airline Guide
(OAG) and unscheduled demand from military and general aviation (GA) flights.
· Airport Delay: Delays consist of the following phase-of-flight delays: gate delay,
airborne delay, taxi-in delay, and taxi-out delay. Also, arrival delays with gatehold and
without gatehold (scheduled flight time versus actual flight time) and flight times are
presented.
· NAS Performance: NAS Performance Summary Reports (annual/monthly demands,
　
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