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collision avoidance by visual perception.
FD. Millhollon, A., J. Lyons, and W. Graham, "Air-to-Air Visual Detection
Data," Interim Report, Control Data Corp., FAA-RD-73-40, 1973.
APPENDIX B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B-25
1. Test conducted to determine ability of pilots to visually detect
other aircraft in the air. It was concluded that there is a high
likelihood of seeing and avoiding an intruder aircraft under VFR
conditions if the pilot is given accurate information on the
location of the aircraft.
FE. Moek, G. and D. Harrison, "European Studies to Investigate the
Feasibility of Using 1000 ft Vertical Separation Minima Above FL290,
Part II, Precision Radar Data Analysis and Collision Risk
Assessment," Journal of Navigation, Vol.45, no 1, 1992, pp 91-106.
1. Topic: Collision risk models
FF. Moek, G., J.M. ten Have, D. Harrison and M.E. Cox, "European Studies
to Investigate the Feasibility of Using 1000 ft Vertical Separation
Minima above FL290, Part III, Further Results and Overall
Conclusion," Journal of Navigation, Vol.46, no 2, May 1993, pp
245-261.
1. Topic: Collision risk models
FG. Moek, G., J.P. Beaujard, C. Kelly, J. Mann, L. Clarke, D. Marsh, H.
Blom, and M. Klompstra, "GENeric Overall Validation for ATM, WP3
Report: Methods and Techniques," EU-DGVII, Contract number
AI-95-SC.112, 1997
1. Topic: Risk Tolerability
FH. Moek, G., M.A. Piers, M.P. Loog, M.K.H. Giesberts, M.J.H. Couwenberg
and M.C.J. Smeets, "The Development of a Method for the Analysis of
Societal and Individual Risk due to Aircraft Accidents in the
Vicinity of Airports," NLR report CR 93372 L, 1993.
1. Topic: Risk Tolerability
FI. NASA Ames: Aviation Operations Branch, Mission Statement Research
Programs, Publications Related Sites. Contact Information, Webmaster:
Greg Pisanich. http://olias.arc.nasa.gov/
1. The NASA work includes a body of excellent human factors studies.
Their flightdeck management studies would seem to have direct
applicability to controller teams. To my best understanding of
the reports I have read, and the bibliographies I have browsed --
they have not reformulated any of their work in terms of risk
SEPARATION SAFETY MODELING
B-26
analysis. Their models of decision-making and flight crew
performance would have to be scoured for opportunities to quantify
"foul-ups per fortnight" or whatever else we might want to
measure.
FJ. NASA Safety Study - NEWS RELEASE: June 30, 1995 CONTACT:
info@rannoch.com.; New Study will Determine Relationship Between
Safety Risk, Aircraft Separation Standards,; and...;
--http://206.205.144.3/pr63095.html
FK. NAT, "Guidance Material on the Implementation of a 300m (1000ft)
Vertical Separation Minimum in the Minimum Navigation Performance
Specifications Airspace of the NAT Region," NAT Doc 002, First
Edition, 1994.
1. Topic: Mathematical models for collision risk
FL. NAT, "Risk Assessment and System Monitoring for the Verification and
Operation of a 300m (1000ft) Vertical Separation Minimum in the
Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications Airspace of the North
Atlantic Region," Supplement to NAT Doc 002, Draft Version 2.1,
August 1996.
1. Topic: Mathematical models for collision risk
FM. "NTSB Blames Control System in Midair Collision," Aviation Daily,
vol. 202, no. 6, p.44, 1972.
1. Probable cause in the Jan. 9, 1971 collision near Newark, N.J.
airport involving an American B707 and a Cessna 150 was "inability
of the crews of both aircraft to see and avoid each other while
operating in a system which permits VFR aircraft to operate up to
3,000 feet on random headings and altitudes in a congested area
under conditions of reduced visibility. " Other causal factors
"were the deviation of the air carrier airplane from its clearance
altitude and the conducting of student flight training in a
congested control area under marginal flight visibility
conditions."
FN. Ozmore, Richard E. and Sherri L. Morrow, "Evaluation of Dual
Simultaneous Instrument Landing System Approaches to Runways Spaced
3000 Feet Apart with One Localizer Offset Using a Precision Runway
Monitor System," Atlantic City International Airport: FAA William J.
Hughes Technical Center, Report No. DOT/FAA/CT-96/2, September 1996
APPENDIX B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B-27
FO. Paielli, Russell A. and Heintz Erzberger, "Aircraft Trajectory
Conflict Probability Estimation," Moffett Field, CA: NASA Ames
Research Center, Jan. 22, 1996
1. The paper describes an algorithm for estimating the probability of
　
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