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following procedures are performed:
(1) Wheel chocks ......................................... Check in place
(2) Parking brake ............................................................ Off Wheel chocks must be in
place, and parking brake off,
to eliminate the possibility of
the brakes freezing.
(3) All protective covers ......................................... Installed
(4) Water, lavatory and waste
systems ....................................................... As required If adequate airplane interior
heating cannot be provided,
the water, lavatory and waste
systems must be drained.
(5) Battery (ies) .................................................... Removed if required.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Cold Weather Operations
Vol. 1 06−12−33
REV 77, Oct 20/09
CL−604 Operating Manual
PSP 604−6
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Cold Weather Operations
Vol. 1 06−12−34
REV 77, Oct 20/09
CL−604 Operating Manual
PSP 604−6
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1. GENERAL
Experience with operations conducted from wet or contaminated runways has shown that
standing water, slush, snow or ice cause a deteriorating effect on take-off and landing
performance. Braking effectiveness is reduced due to low tire-to-runway friction and is further
reduced if tire hydroplaning occurs.
During take-off on a contaminated runway, airplane acceleration is reduced. Energy normally
available for acceleration is dissipated in compression or displacement of the contaminant, and
the resulting impingement of the contaminant onto the airplane can aggravate this energy loss.
Landing on a contaminated runway, on the other hand, increases the stopping distance of the
airplane, and may present directional control difficulties.
The following supplement is provided to serve as a guideline when operating under such
conditions.
2. DEFINITIONS
1. DAMP
• A runway is said to be damp when it is not perfectly dry, and when the water on it
does not give it a shiny appearance.
NOTE
There should be no performance penalties on a damp runway.
2. WET
• A runway is said to be wet when it has a shiny appearance due to a thin layer of
water on it, not leading to hydroplaning. There should be no standing water
covering large areas of the runway.
3. STANDING WATER
• Standing water is usually caused by heavy rainfall and/or insufficient runway
drainage, with a depth of more than 3 millimeters (1/8 inch), and covering more
than 25% of the runway surface.
4. SLUSH
• Slush is snow saturated with water, which displaces with a splatter when stepped
firmly on. It is encountered at temperatures around 5°C (41°F), and has a density of
approximately 800 kg per cubic meter (50 pounds per cubic foot), and a specific
gravity of 0.85.
5. WET SNOW
• Wet snow will easily stick together and tend to form a snowball if compacted by
hand. It has a density of approximately 400 kg per cubic meter (25 pounds per
cubic foot).
6. DRY SNOW
• Dry light snow is loose and can easily be blown. If compacted by hand, it will readily
fall apart again. It has a density of approximately 192 kg per cubic meter (12
pounds per cubic foot). The coverage is more than 25% of the runway surface.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
Operation on Contaminated Runways
Vol. 1 06−13−1
REV 66, Feb 01/07
CL−604 Operating Manual
PSP 604−6
2. DEFINITIONS (CONT'D)
7. DRY ICE
• Ice covered runway having a dull weathered appearance. The temperature range is
from –40°C to –5°C (–40°F to 23°F).
8. WET ICE
• Ice covered runway having a shiny wet appearance. The temperature range is from
–5°C to 4°C (23°F to 40°F).
3. LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Limitations
The limitations established in Chapter 2 concerning the operation of the airplane on
contaminated runways and icing conditions, and the operation of the thrust reversers, must
be complied with.
The maximum depths of runway contaminants covering an appreciable part of the
runway are:
CONTAMINANT TAKE-OFF LANDING
SLUSH/STANDING WATER 6.4 mm (0.25 in) 12.7 mm (0.5 in)
WET SNOW 12.7 mm (0.5 in) 25.4 mm (1.0 in)
DRY SNOW 30.5 mm (1.2 in) 61.0 mm (2.4 in)
B. Recommendations
Compliance with the following take-off and landing practices is recommended.
TAKE-OFF
1. Take-off is not recommended on runways which have an appreciable area covered with
ice.
2. Take-off is not recommended unless APR and both thrust reversers are operational and
　
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