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 13. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (Ref 34-45-00)
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 A.  The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) monitors airplane traffic and displays their proximity to you and other airplanes which are equipped with ATCRBS or Mode S transponders. TCAS information is shown on the Primary Flight Display and Navigation Display. If there is a flight path conflict, the TCAS computer will issue resolution advisories which will instruct the pilot to avoid the conflict.
 14. Ground Proximity Warning System (Ref 34-46-00)
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 A.  The ground proximity warning system (GPWS) provides the pilots with aural and visual warning of potentially dangerous flight paths relative to the ground. The GPWS provides warnings for the following seven flight conditions: excessive rate of descent (Mode 1); level flight or too shallow climb towards rising terrain (Mode 2); takeoff altitude loss (Mode 3); unsafe terrain clearance (Mode 4); excessive deviation below the glide slope (Mode 5); radio altitude callouts height (Mode 6); and windshear (Mode 7).
 15. VOR Navigation System (34-51-00)
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 A.  The VHF omnirange (VOR) navigation system determines the airplane's position with respect to ground-based VOR transmitting stations. It determines lateral deviation from the desired flight path and relative bearing to the VOR ground station, and displays this data on the ND's.
 16. ATC System (Ref 34-53-00)
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 A.  The air traffic control (ATC) system, when interrogated by a ground station, automatically transmits a pulse-coded signal containing airplane altitude and identity information used by ground personnel to monitor airplane traffic. Provisions exist for the Mode S (select) communication feature which will allow for airplane-to-airplane interrogation and communication.
 17. DME System (Ref 34-55-00)
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 A.  The distance measuring equipment (DME) system is used to determine airplane distance from a VOR/DME ground station. An interrogator unit in the airplane transmits a pulse-coded signal to the ground station which triggers a time-delayed reply. The time interval between the interrogating signal and ground station reply is measured and displayed as slant-range distance on the PFD's and ND's. Distance is also sent to the flight management computer (FMC) for determining exact position during flight and landing.
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MAINTENANCE MANUAL

 18. ADF System (Ref 34-57-00)
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 A.  The automatic direction finder (ADF) system is used to determine airplane bearing from a conventional broadcast or low range radio station. The radio signal is received by an ADF antenna which consists of one nondirectional sense antenna and two directional loop antennas. The bearing information is displayed relative to airplane heading on the ND's.
 19. Flight Management Computer System (Ref 34-61-00)
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 A.  The flight management computer system (FMCS) provides fully automated management of airplane navigation, guidance, thrust, and performance. The FMCS uses pre-programmed computer software as well as data from other airplane systems for flight control. The control display units (CDU) provide a means of communication between the pilots and the FMCS, allowing the pilots to view existing flight data and to supply data directly to the flight management computers.
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747-400 MAINTENANCE MANUAL
 PITOT-STATIC SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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General
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 A.  The pitot-static system senses the dynamic (pitot) and ambient (static) air pressure external to the airplane and supplies these two pressures to equipment and instruments for determining airplane altitude and motion.
 B.  The system consists of four aerodynamically compensated pitot-static probes, four static pressure ports, and pneumatic tubing and hoses which connect these sensors to the equipment. The tubing includes drain fittings and a source select valve.
　
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