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authorized personnel.
4.13.2.3 Requirements regarding other information to be
displayed, or to be available for display, shall be specified by
the appropriate authority.
4.13.3 Presentation of information and data
4.13.3.1 The required flight plan and control data may be
presented through the use of paper flight progress strips or
electronic flight progress strips, by other electronic presentation
forms or by a combination of presentation methods.
4.13.3.2 The method(s) of presenting information and
data shall be in accordance with Human Factors principles. All
data, including data related to individual aircraft, shall be
presented in a manner minimizing the potential for misinterpretation
or misunderstanding.
4.13.3.3 Means and methods for manually entering data
in ATC automation systems shall be in accordance with
Human Factors principles.
4.13.3.4 When flight progress strips (FPS) are used, there
should be at least one individual FPS for each flight. The
number of FPS for individual flights shall be sufficient to meet
the requirements of the ATS unit concerned. Procedures for
annotating data and provisions specifying the types of data to
be entered on FPS, including the use of symbols, shall be
specified by the appropriate ATS authority.
Note.— Guidance material on the use of paper FPS is
contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426).
4.13.3.5 Data generated automatically shall be presented
to the controller in a timely manner. The presentation of
information and data for individual flights shall continue until
such time as the data is no longer required for the purpose of
providing control, including conflict detection and the
coordination of flights, or until terminated by the controller.
4.13.4 Recording and retention of
data for investigative purposes
Paper FPS shall be retained for a period of at least 30 days.
Electronic flight progress and coordination data shall be
recorded and retained for at least the same period of time.
4.14 FAILURE OR IRREGULARITY OF
SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
ATC units shall immediately report in accordance with local
instructions any failure or irregularity of communication,
navigation and surveillance systems or any other safetysignificant
systems or equipment which could adversely affect
the safety or efficiency of flight operations and/or the
provision of air traffic control service.
4.15 DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS
INITIATION PROCEDURES
4.15.1 Before entering an airspace where data link
applications are required by the ATS unit, data link
communications shall be initiated between the aircraft and the
ATS unit in order to register the aircraft and, when necessary,
allow the start of a data link application. This shall be initiated
by the aircraft, either automatically or by the pilot, or by the
ATS unit on address forwarding.
Note.— Guidance material relating to the Data Link
Initiation Capability (DLIC) can be found in the Manual of Air
Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694).
Chapter 4. General Provisions for Air Traffic Services 4-15
1/11/01
4.15.1.1 The DLIC address associated with an ATS unit
shall be published in Aeronautical Information Publications.
Note.— A given FIR may have multiple DLIC addresses;
and more than one FIR may share the same DLIC address.
4.15.2 Aircraft initiation
Whenever the pilot or the aircraft initiates data link
communication procedures, an initiation message shall be sent.
Except when the initiation message is corrupted, it shall not be
rejected by the ATS unit.
4.15.3 ATS unit forwarding
Where the ground system initially contacted by the aircraft is
able to pass the necessary aircraft address information to
another ATS unit, it shall pass the aircraft updated ground
addressing information for data link applications previously
coordinated in sufficient time to permit the establishment of
data link communications.
4.15.4 Failure
In the case of an initiation failure, the originator of the data
link initiation process shall be informed.
PANS-ATM 5-1 1/11/01
CHAPTER 5. SEPARATION METHODS AND MINIMA
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Note 1.— With the exceptions stated below, Chapter 5
contains procedures and non-radar separation minima for use
in the separation of aircraft in the en route phase as well as
aircraft in the arrival and departure phases of flight.
Note. 2.— Procedures and separation minima applicable
to approaches to parallel runways are contained in Chapter 6.
Procedures and separation minima applicable in the provision
　
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