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to enter the area to that which can be safely handled without
the use of radar.
8.8.5 Ground radio failure
8.8.5.1 In the event of complete failure of the ground
radio equipment used for radar control, the radar controller
shall, unless able to continue to provide the radar service by
means of other available communication channels, proceed as
set forth in 8.8.4.1 a) and b).
8-16 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
8.8.5.2 Where the provisions in 8.8.4.1 are not
applicable, the controller shall:
a) without delay inform all adjacent control positions or
ATC units, as applicable, of the failure;
b) appraise such positions or units of the current traffic
situation;
c) request their assistance, in respect of aircraft which
may establish communications with those positions or
units, in establishing radar or non-radar separation
between and maintaining control of such aircraft; and
d) instruct adjacent control positions or ATC units to
hold or reroute all controlled flights outside the area of
responsibility of the position or ATC unit that has experienced
the failure until such time that the provision
of normal services can be resumed.
8.8.5.3 In order to reduce the impact of complete ground
radio equipment failure on the safety of air traffic, the appropriate
ATS authority should establish contingency procedures
to be followed by control positions and ATC units in the event
of such failures. Where feasible and practicable, such contingency
procedures should provide for the delegation of control
to an adjacent control position or ATC unit in order to permit
a minimum level of services to be provided as soon as
possible, following the ground radio failure and until normal
operations can be resumed.
8.9 USE OF RADAR IN THE
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE
8.9.1 General provisions
8.9.1.1 Radar systems used in the provision of approach
control service shall be appropriate to the functions and level
of service to be provided.
8.9.1.2 Radar systems used to monitor parallel ILS
approaches shall meet the requirements for such operations
specified in Chapter 6.
8.9.2 Functions
The information presented on a radar display may be used to
perform the following additional functions in the provision of
approach control service:
a) provide radar vectoring of arriving traffic on to pilotinterpreted
final approach aids;
b) provide radar monitoring of parallel ILS approaches
and instruct aircraft to take appropriate action in the
event of possible or actual penetrations of the no
transgression zone (NTZ);
Note.— See Chapter 6, Section 6.7.
c) provide radar vectoring of arriving traffic to a point
from which a visual approach can be completed;
d) provide radar vectoring of arriving traffic to a point
from which a precision radar approach or a surveillance
radar approach can be made;
e) provide radar monitoring of other pilot-interpreted
approaches;
f) in accordance with prescribed procedures, conduct:
i) surveillance radar approaches;
ii) precision radar (PAR) approaches; and
g) provide radar separation between:
i) succeeding departing aircraft;
ii) succeeding arriving aircraft; and
iii) a departing aircraft and a succeeding arriving
aircraft.
8.9.3 General approach radar procedures
8.9.3.1 The appropriate ATS authority shall establish
procedures to ensure that the aerodrome controller is kept
informed of the sequence of arriving aircraft, as well as any
instructions and restrictions which have been issued to such
aircraft in order to maintain separation after transfer of control
to the aerodrome controller.
8.9.3.2 Prior to, or upon commencement of, radar
vectoring for approach, the pilot shall be advised of the type
of approach as well as the runway to be used.
8.9.3.3 The radar controller shall advise an aircraft being
radar vectored for an instrument approach of its position at
least once prior to commencement of final approach.
Chapter 8. Radar Services 8-17
1/11/01
8.9.3.4 When giving distance information, the radar
controller shall specify the point or navigation aid to which the
information refers.
8.9.3.5 The initial and intermediate approach phases of
an approach executed under the direction of a radar controller
comprise those parts of the approach from the time radar
vectoring is initiated for the purpose of positioning the aircraft
for a final approach, until the aircraft is on final approach and:
a) established on the final approach path of a pilotinterpreted
aid; or
b) reports that it is able to complete a visual approach; or
　
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