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Hypoxia.........................................................1-7
Motion Sickness............................................1-7
Scuba Diving.................................................1-8
Spatial Disorientation....................................1-8
Stress.............................................................1-8
Stroke and Heart Attack................................1-8
Medical Summary—
“The Bottom Line”.....................................1-9
Chapter 2—Aerodynamics of Flight
Aerodynamic Terms............................................2-1
Powered Parachute Wing Pressurization
and Flexibility..................................................2-3
Forces in Flight...................................................2-4
Lift.................................................................2-5
Drag...............................................................2-6
Weight...........................................................2-7
Thrust............................................................2-7
Center of Gravity................................................2-8
Axes of Rotation.................................................2-9
Ground Effect......................................................2-9
Moments.............................................................2-9
Thrust Line Moments..................................2-10
Gravity Moment..........................................2-10
Wing Attachment to Cart............................2-10
Stability.............................................................2-12
PPC Angle of Attack Characteristics................2-12
Normal Flying Conditions..........................2-12
Flaring Increases Angle of Attack...............2-13
Porpoising Creates Variations in AOA........2-14
Stalls: Exceeding the Critical
Angle of Attack.................................................2-14
Turning Effect...................................................2-15
Weight, Load and Speed Changes.....................2-15
PPC Aerodynamics Summary...........................2-16
Chapter 3—Components and Systems
The Airframe.......................................................3-1
Center of Gravity Adjustments...........................3-2
Multiple Attachment Points Bracket.............3-3
Center of Gravity Adjuster Tubes.................3-3
Instrument Panel.................................................3-3
Additional Equipment.........................................3-4
Electrical System................................................3-4
The Steering Bars................................................3-5
Wings and Components......................................3-5
Risers..................................................................3-7
The Fuel Tank.....................................................3-7
Throttle System...................................................3-8
The Powerplant...................................................3-8
The Propeller.......................................................3-8
Axle and Wheel Assembly..................................3-9
Chapter 4—Powerplants
Reciprocating Engines........................................4-1
Two-Stroke Engines............................................4-1
Two-Stroke Process.......................................4-1
Four-Stroke Engines...........................................4-4
Exhaust Systems.................................................4-4
Two-Stroke Tuned Exhaust Systems.............4-4
Four-Stroke Engine Exhaust Systems...........4-4
Two-Stroke Engine Warming..............................4-4
Four-Stroke Engine Warming.............................4-5
Gearboxes...........................................................4-5
Certrifugal Clutch.........................................4-6
Propeller..............................................................4-6
Contents
vi
Fixed-Pitch Propeller....................................4-6
Ground Adjustable-Pitch Propeller...............4-6
Induction Systems...............................................4-6
Carburetor Systems.............................................4-6
Two-Stroke Carburetor Jetting......................4-7
Four-Stroke Mixture Settings........................4-8
Carburetor Icing............................................4-8
Fuel Injection Systems..................................4-8
Ignition System...................................................4-9
Combustion.........................................................4-9
Fuel Systems.....................................................4-10
Fuel Pumps..................................................4-10
　
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