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will become disorientated, as the PPCL will likely flip
over when you hit the water and settle upside-down in
the water. You may become entangled in the wing and
lines as it descends upon the craft and the occupants.
Figure 12-7. Engine-out, beginning full-flare about one
second above the ground.
12-7
Although your PPCL may float for a few minutes, it
will eventually sink. The time before sinking will depend
on the amount of fuel left, the condition of the
seals on the ends of your tubing, and the air left in
your tires after impact.
As soon as you know a water landing is inevitable,
your first step is to align your PPCL into the wind if
possible, and move as close to shore as possible.
1. Don’t panic. Use the ADM “DECIDE” method.
2. Stay seated.
3. Turn off all electronics.
4. Remove any objects that will delay your
evacuation of the aircraft prior to impact (i.e.,
communication cords, camera straps, etc.).
5. Discard any objects that may penetrate your skin
upon impact (or hit you, such as cameras).
6. Tighten your seatbelt and shoulder harnesses.
7. At approximately 2 seconds (~25 feet) above the
water, bring your head, neck, and legs in as close
to your body as possible. Place your arms along
the side of your head, with your hands over the
lower back of your head.
8. If experienced, you could execute a full flare and
a parachutal-wing stall approximately 3 seconds
(~40 feet) above the water (recommended for
PPCs with foot steering bars only).
9. Once in the water, release your seatbelt and
shoulder harness and exit the cart.
10. Help your passenger with his or her restraints.
11. Do not try to retrieve items on the aircraft or
try to save the aircraft. When surfacing, avoid
the wing and swim to the side of the PPC (if
entangled with the canopy lines, cut them with
the line cutter and work your way to the edge of
the wing).
12. Swim to shore.
In-Flight Fire
Considering the flammability of a ram-air wing, it is
easy to realize that in-flight fire—especially an engine
or fuel fire—is one of the most serious emergencies
a PPC pilot can encounter. (Note: An electrical fire
in the front of the cart is unlikely to cause anything
more than an engine failure. Therefore, see “Engine
Failures” above for this specific emergency.) If there
is any sign of fire near the engine, fuel containers, or
fuel lines, do everything possible to reduce the possibilities
of the fire spreading and land as soon as possible.
The necessary procedures are:
• Reduce throttle to idle;
• If possible, shut off fuel valves;
• Shut off magnetos;
• Shut off all electronics;
• Land immediately and stop as quickly as
possible; and
• Evacuate the aircraft immediately.
After landing, get far away. The principal danger after
evacuating the PPC is that the fuel will ignite and explode,
with the potential to injure people at considerable
distances.
Landing Porpoise
Porpoising refers to pitch oscillations, most noticeable
during a landing. These erratic pilot-induced
movements are a result of rapid throttle movements.
This is a common, correctable error pilots need to be
aware of. There is a delay between throttle changes
and pitch changes. Porpoising will result if you overcontrol
the throttle during a landing attempt, causing
pitch oscillations. As a result of over-reacting, the
PPC, which is now dangerously close to the ground,
Figure 12-9. Porpoising during a landing approach.
12-8
will be further induced into increasing the forward/
rearward swinging oscillations from the pilot throttle
movements. [Figure 12-9]
If this happens, immediately abort the landing and
climb back to pattern altitude. On the next turn to
final, relax and work with a slow, smooth throttle
action.
Gust-Induced Oscillations
Gusty headwinds can induce pitch oscillations as the
lightweight wing responds faster and more easily
to the wind gust than the cart. Crosswinds can also
induce side-to-side swing oscillations. A crosswind
from the right, for instance, tends to weathervane the
PPC wing into the wind, causing an unexpected yaw
to the right. Right crosswind gust also tends to lift
the upwind side of the wing. When crosswinds are
gusty, these effects vary rapidly as the speed of the
crosswind varies.
Local terrain can have a considerable effect on the
wind. Wind blowing over and around obstacles can be
gusty and chaotic. Nearby obstacles, such as buildings,
　
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