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Class B Airspace
Class B airspace is generally the airspace from the
surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s
busiest airports. The configuration of Class B airspace
is individually tailored to the needs of a particular
area and consists of a surface area and two or more
layers. Some Class B airspace resembles an upsidedown
wedding cake. At least a private pilot certificate
is required to operate in Class B airspace; however,
there is an exception to this requirement. Student pilots,
recreational pilots, and sport pilots may operate
in the airspace if they have received training and a
logbook endorsement by an authorized flight instructor
in accordance with 14 CFR part 61.
With proper communication equipment, a Mode C
transponder (a device that transmits your exact position
and altitude), pilot certification and endorsements
as required, and an air traffic control (ATC) clearance,
a powered parachute may operate in Class B airspace.
Due to large jets and congested traffic operating in
Class B airspace, powered parachute operations may
not be advised.
Figure 8-2. Basic weather minimums, from 14 CFR 91.155 and 14 CFR 61.315.
8-3
When associated with Class B airspace and within 30
nautical miles of the primary airport, aircraft must be
equipped with a Mode C transponder. This requirement
must be complied with even if there is no intent
to enter the Class B airspace.
Class C Airspace
Class C airspace generally surrounds those airports
having an operational control tower, are serviced by
a radar approach control, and with a certain number
of instrument flight (IFR) operations or passenger
enplanements. This airspace is charted in mean sea
level feet. Although the configuration of each Class
C airspace is individually tailored, the airspace usually
consists of a 5 NM radius core surface area that
extends from the surface up to 4,000 feet above the
airport elevation, and a 10 NM radius shelf area that
extends no lower than 1,200 feet up to 4,000 feet above
the airport elevation. Though not requiring regulatory
action, Class C airspace areas have a procedural Outer
Area. Normally this area is 20 NM from the primary
Class C airspace airport. Within the outer area, pilots
are encouraged to participate but it is not a VFR requirement.
With proper communication equipment, a
Mode C transponder, endorsements as required, and
two-way communications established, a powered
parachute may operate in Class C airspace though it
may still not be advisable. A Mode C transponder is
also required for overflying the Class C airspace.
Class D Airspace
Class D airspace is for smaller airports operating with
a control tower and generally extends from the surface
to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation surrounding
those airports that have an operational control tower.
The configuration of Class D airspace will be tailored
to meet the operational needs of the area. At many
Class D airports, the airspace is configured as a circle
with a 4 nautical mile radius around the primary airport.
Some are keyhole shaped. With the proper communication
equipment, endorsements as required,
and two-way communications established with ATC,
a powered parachute may operate within Class D. If
advised by ATC to remain clear of the Class D airspace
the powered parachute pilot must comply and
remain clear of the Class D airspace. Alternatives may
include circumnavigating the Class D airspace and/or
landing at an alternative airport.
Class E Airspace
Class E airspace is generally controlled airspace that
is not designated A, B, C, or D. Except for 18,000 feet
MSL, Class E airspace has no defined vertical limit,
but rather it extends upward from either the surface
or a designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent
controlled airspace. With visibility and cloud clearance
requirements met, powered parachute operations
are not restricted. Most PPC operations take place in
Class E airspace.
Figure 8-3. Requirements for airspace operations from 14 CFR 61.325.
8-4
Uncontrolled Airspace:
Class G Airspace
Uncontrolled or Class G airspace is the portion of the
airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B,
C, D, or E. It is therefore designated uncontrolled airspace.
Class G airspace extends from the surface to
the base of the overlying Class E airspace. Although
air traffic control has no authority or responsibility to
control air traffic in Class G airspace, you should remember
there are visual flight rule (VFR) minimums
(visibility and cloud clearance) which apply to Class
　
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