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The Good Things
Most civilian aircraft are not equipped to handle G-protective clothing—a
“G suit.” However, there are other things that can be done to enhance
aviator performance in the high-G environment. A well-rested, hydrated,
and fit aviator will physically be able to withstand higher G forces. When
an aviator is well hydrated, there is more circulating volume in the blood
stream, and it is easier for the heart to keep the brain perfused with
oxygenated blood.
A regular program of conditioning that includes a mix of aerobic exercise
coupled with resistance weight training will increase an aviator’s resistance to
the effects of Gs. (All exercise programs should be physician-approved prior
to the initiation of training.) Training that is only aerobic in nature (jogging
and swimming, for example) may lower the aviator’s heart rate to the point
where is does not accelerate fast enough to compensate for the effects of Gs.
The combination of aerobic and resistance weight training enhances the
response to G forces and adds a layer of protection that is not present in
aerobic conditioning alone.
The Anti-G Straining Maneuver
Another technique for dealing with G forces is the
anti-G straining maneuver. This is a physical technique
where the aviator pushes air out of the lungs against
a closed glottis, while simultaneously contracting
the muscles in the calves, thighs, and shoulders. This
resistance inhibits the blood from flowing away from
the brain, and it simultaneously increases the pressure
in the carotid arteries. This maneuver is practiced by
military pilots, and it can increase G-tolerance. To
avoid injury, however, it should not be attempted at 1
G with 100% effort.
Respect
Aviators need to respect G acceleration just as they respect other aspects
of flight. Proper flight planning will take a number of things into account,
such as weather, fuel, distance, and time. A smart aviator will also include
consideration of the G forces for the aircraft and all aboard when it comes
to flight planning. A healthy respect, training, and planning will help to
avoid possible encounters with the ground.
MEDICAL FACTS FOR PILOTS
Publication AM-400-09/4
Written by
Colonel (Dr.) Brett Wyrick, USAF
J.R. Brown
Federal Aviation Administration
Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Aerospace Medical Education Division
To request copies of this brochure, contact
FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Shipping Clerk, AAM-400
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
(405) 954-4831
Physiological Training Classes for Pilots
If you are interested in taking a one-day aviation physiological training
course with altitude chamber and vertigo demonstrations or a one-day
survival course, learn about how to sign up for these courses that are offered
at 14 locations across the U.S. by visiting this FAA Web site:
www.faa.gov/pilots/training/airman_education/aerospace_physiology/index.
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1
ALCOHOL AND FLYING
A DEADLY COMBINATION
Alcoholic beverages, used by many to “unwind”
or relax, act as a social “ice-breaker,” is
a way to alter one’s mood by decreasing
inhibitions. Alcohol consumption is widely accepted,
often providing the cornerstone of social gatherings
and celebrations. Along with cigarettes, many
adolescents associate the use of alcohol as a rite of
passage into adulthood.
While its use is prevalent and acceptable in our
society, it should not come as a surprise that
problems arise in the use of alcohol and the
performance of safety-related activities, such as
driving an automobile or flying an aircraft. These
problems are made worse by the common belief that
accidents happen “to other people, but not to me.”
There is a tendency to forget that flying an aircraft
is a highly demanding cognitive and psychomotor
task that takes place in an inhospitable environment
where pilots are exposed to various sources of
stress.
Hard facts about alcohol
• It’s a sedative, hypnotic, and addicting drug.
• Alcohol quickly impairs judgment and leads to
behavior that can easily contribute to, or cause
accidents.
The erratic effects of alcohol
• Alcohol is rapidly absorbed from the stomach
and small intestine, and transported by the
blood throughout the body. Its toxic effects vary
considerably from person to person, and are
influenced by variables such as gender, body
weight, rate of consumption (time), and total
amount consumed.
• The average, healthy person eliminates pure
　
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