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To order copies of this brochure, contact:
FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Shipping Clerk, AAM-400
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
Telephone: (405) 954-4831
Other Pilot Safety Brochures Available
To view these pilot and passenger safety brochures, visit the
Federal Aviation Administration’s Web site
www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures
Physiological Training Classes for Pilots
If you are interested in taking a one-day aviation physiological training course
with altitude chamber and vertigo demonstrations or a one-day survival course,
learn about how to sign up for these courses that are offered at 14 locations across
the U.S. by visiting this FAA Web site:
www.faa.gov/pilots/training/airman_education/
For more pilot and traveler safety information, see: www.faa.gov/pilots/safety
Number Title
AM-400-94/2 Alcohol and Flying: A Deadly
Combination
AM-400-95/2 Altitude Decompression Sickness
OK05-0270 Carbon Monoxide: A Deadly Threat
AM-400-03/2 Deep Vein Thrombosis and Travel
AM-400-91/1 Hypoxia: The Higher You Fly, the Less Air...
AM-400-98/3 Hearing and Noise in Aviation
AM-400-97/1 Introduction to Human Factors in Aviation
AM-400-92/1 Over the Counter Medications and Flying
AM-400-98/2 Pilot Vision
AM-400-95/1 Smoke!
AM-400-00/1 Spatial Disorientation: Visual Illusions
AM-400-03/1 Spatial Disorientation: Why You Shouldn’t
Fly By the Seat of Your Pants
AM-400-01/1 Physiological Training Courses for Civil
Aviation Pilots
AM-400-05/1 Sunglasses for Pilots: Beyond the Image
OK05-0005
OK-09-439
Oxygen Equipment Use in General Aviation Operations
A basic knowledge of oxygen equipment can be critical whether you are flying a
commercial, commuter, or a general aviation aircraft. This equipment is the first line of
defense against the potentially lethal effects of hypoxia and carbon monoxide poisoning.
It is the responsibility of the pilot that all aboard the aircraft—crewmembers and
passengers—know how to use this life-saving equipment safely and efficiently.
General Precautions
This pamphlet describes operational precautions to use with all types of oxygen systems.
The basic principles and practices include:
• Keep your equipment clean. The interaction of oil-based products and oxygen
creates a fire hazard. Additionally, oil attracts dirt particles, and these dirt particles
can contaminate storage containers, regulators, masks, and valves. For cleaning
instructions, check with the manufacturer’s guide.
• Protect your oxygen mask from direct sunlight and dust. Store in proper containers.
• Inspect oxygen storage containers. Make sure that they are securely fastened in the
aircraft, as turbulence or abrupt changes in attitude can cause them to come loose.
Proper inspections are important, so your oxygen equipment should be inspected
regularly at an authorized Federal Aviation Administration inspection station.
• No smoking! Oxygen is highly flammable. Do not allow anyone to smoke around
oxygen equipment that is being used. Likewise, no one should smoke around
oxygen equipment that is being recharged. Ensure that the aircraft is properly
grounded before loading oxygen.
• Mix and match components with caution. When inter-changing oxygen systems
components, ensure compatibility of the components- storage containers, regulators,
and masks.
Basic Components
There are three components on most oxygen systems, whether they are portable or
installed systems.
• A storage system (containers)
• A delivery system
• Mask or nasal cannula
Storage Systems
Oxygen can be stored in the aircraft as a gas, liquid, or a solid.
Gaseous aviator’s breathing oxygen (ABO).
Storing oxygen as a gas has the major advantage
of being more economical. It can be stored
in high-pressure (1800-2200 psi) containers
or low-pressure (400-450 psi) containers. The major disadvantage is the weight and
bulk of the storage containers, which may become an issue in smaller aircraft. Aviator’s
oxygen must meet certain standards to ensure that it is safe to be taken to altitude. Only
aviator’s-grade breathing oxygen meets this specification. Neither medical grade nor
industrial grade oxygen is safe to substitute because they do not meet the same stringent
standards as ABO.
Liquid aviators breathing oxygen (LOX). Oxygen can be serviced to the aircraft in
a liquid state. The advantage of LOX is that it has a 900 to 1 expansion ratio. In other
words, one liter of LOX will expand into 900 gaseous liters of ABO. This will afford a
　
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