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oxygen at all times or automatically supplies oxygen whenever the cabin pressure altitude of
the airplane exceeds 14,000 feet (MSL), except that the one pilot need not wear and use an
oxygen mask while at or below flight level 410 if there are two pilots at the controls and each
pilot has a quick-donning type of oxygen mask that can be placed on the face with one hand
from the ready position within 5 seconds, supplying oxygen and properly secured and sealed.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, if for any reason at any time it is
necessary for one pilot to leave the controls of the aircraft when operating at flight altitudes
above flight level 350, the remaining pilot at the controls shall put on and use an oxygen
mask until the other pilot has returned to that crewmember’s station.
PART 91
GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES
MEDICAL FACTS FOR PILOTS
Publication OK-08-639
Written by: J.R. Brown, A. Salamanca, MD
Prepared by:
Federal Aviation Administration
Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Aerospace Medical Education Division
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
To order copies of this brochure,
write to the above address.
Physiological Training Classes for Pilots
If you are interested in taking a one-day aviation physiological training course with
altitude chamber and vertigo demonstrations or a one-day survival course, learn about
how to sign up for these courses that are offered at various locations across the U.S. by
visiting this FAA Web site:
www.faa.gov/pilots/training/airman_education/aerospace_physiology/index.cfm
For more pilot and traveler safety
information, see:
www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures/
Add These Training Courses to
Your Aviation Safety Checklist:
One-day aviation physiology
workshop with altitude
chamber, vertigo simulation,
and night vision demonstration
One-day survival workshop
Human factors in aviation
Aviation Safety Courses Available
Through the FAA
FAA Aeromedical Training Programs
for Civil Aviation Pilots
Physiological Training Course. The FAA Civil Aerospace Medical
Institute (CAMI) offers a 1-day training course to familiarize U.S.
civil aviation pilots and flight crews with the physiological and
psychological stresses of flight.
Why Is Training Necessary? Pilots who are knowledgeable about
physiological phenomena encountered in the aviation environment
are better prepared to deal with such potentially fatal inflight events
as:
• loss of cabin pressure
• hypoxia
• spatial disorientation
• trapped gas problems
• decompression sickness
• acceleration forces leading to gray-out, black-out, or even
unconsciousness
• noise, vibration, and thermal stress
• self-imposed stresses that can magnify any of the above
physiological events.
Flying Above 10,000 Feet? The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 14, Part 61.31 (g)(1-3) prescribes the knowledge and skill
requirements for the various airman certificates and ratings.
Several civil aviation airframes are capable of flight in the highaltitude
environment. Pilots operating aircraft in the high-altitude
environment must receive certain knowledge in the critical factors
regarding the physiological aspects of flight operations.
For these reasons, CAMI offers physiological training for civil
aviation pilots, FAA flight crews, and FAA aviation medical examiners
at our facilities in Oklahoma City, Okla. In addition to the basic
academic contents, this course offers practical demonstrations of
rapid decompression (8,000 to 18,000 feet AGL), hypoxia (25,000
feet AGL), and visual acuity
(18,000 feet AGL) in a
hypobaric (altitude) chamber,
as well as a safe, practical
demonstration of spatial
disorientation in the General
Aviation Spatial Disorientation
Demonstrator.
Night Vision. Demonstrations and exposure to night vision devices.
For a Training Site Closer to You. The FAA’s aviation physiology
course is offered to civil aviation pilots at some U.S. Air Force and the
U.S. Army physiological training facilities across the United States
for a fee of $50. Individuals wishing to attend an aviation physiology
course can attend the training at these locations:
Andrews AFB, MD Beale AFB, CA
Brooks AFB, TX Columbus AFB, MS
Fairchild AFB, WA Ft. Rucker, AL
Holloman AFB, NM Langley AFB, VA
Peterson AFB, CO Randolph AFB, TX
Shaw AFB, SC Sheppard AFB, TX
Tyndall AFB, FL Vance AFB, OK
Scheduling. CAMI’s Airman Education Programs obtains a current
　
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