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e. System users are kept abreast of the safety of the system and included in the safety
decision process.
A.4.4 System safety engineering effort. As stated in section 4, a system safety
engineering effort consists of eight main requirements. The following paragraphs provide
further descriptions on what efforts are typically expected due to each of the system safety
requirements listed in section 4.
A.4.4.1 Documentation of the system safety approach. The documentation of the system
safety approach should describe the planned tasks and activities of system safety management
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and system engineering required to identify, evaluate, and eliminate or control hazards, or to
reduce the residual mishap risk to a level acceptable throughout the system life cycle. The
documentation should describe, as a minimum, the four elements of an effective system safety
effort: a planned approach for task accomplishment, qualified people to accomplish tasks, the
authority to implement tasks through all levels of management, and the appropriate commitment
of resources (both manning and funding) to ensure that safety tasks are completed. Specifically,
the documentation should:
a. Describe the scope of the overall system program and the related system safety effort.
Define system safety program milestones. Relate these to major program milestones, program
element responsibility, and required inputs and outputs.
b. Describe the safety tasks and activities of system safety management and engineering.
Describe the interrelationships between system safety and other functional elements of the
program. List the other program requirements and tasks applicable to system safety and
reference where they are specified or described. Include the organizational relationships
between other functional elements having responsibility for tasks with system safety impacts and
the system safety management and engineering organization including the review and approval
authority of those tasks.
c. Describe specific analysis techniques and formats to be used in qualitative or
quantitative assessments of hazards, their causes, and effects.
d. Describe the process through which management decisions will be made (for example,
timely notification of unacceptable risks, necessary action, incidents or malfunctions, waivers to
safety requirements, and program deviations). Include a description on how residual mishap risk
is formally accepted and this acceptance is documented.
e. Describe the mishap risk assessment procedures, including the mishap severity
categories, mishap probability levels, and the system safety design order of precedence that
should be followed to satisfy the safety requirements of the program. State any qualitative or
quantitative measures of safety to be used for mishap risk assessment including a description of
the acceptable and unacceptable risk levels (if applicable). Include system safety definitions that
modify, deviate from, or are in addition to those in this standard or generally accepted by the
system safety community (see Defense Acquisition Deskbook and System Safety Society’s
System Safety Analysis Handbook) (see A.6.1).
f. Describe how resolution and action relative to system safety will be implemented at
the program management level possessing resolution authority.
g. Describe the verification (e.g., test, analysis, demonstration, or inspection)
requirements for ensuring that safety is adequately attained. Identify any certification
requirements for software, safety devices, or other special safety features (e.g., render safe and
emergency disposal procedures).
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h. Describe the mishap or incident notification, investigation, and reporting process for
the program, including notification of the program manager.
i. Describe the approach for collecting and processing pertinent historical hazard,
mishap, and safety lessons learned data. Include a description on how a system hazard log is
developed and kept current (see A.4.4.8.1).
j. Describe how the user is kept abreast of residual mishap risk and the associated
hazards.
A.4.4.2 Identification of hazards. Identify hazards through a systematic hazard analysis
process encompassing detailed analysis of system hardware and software, the environment (in
which the system will exist), and the intended usage or application. Historical hazard and
mishap data, including lessons learned from other systems, are considered and used.
A.4.4.2.1 Approaches for identifying hazards. Numerous approaches have been
developed and used to identify system hazards. A key aspect of many of these approaches is
empowering the design engineer with the authority to design safe systems and the responsibility
　
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