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and the transverse slope should not exceed 1 per cent.
Strength of de-icinghti-icing pads
3.15.8 Recommendation.- The de-icindanti-icing pad
should be capable of withstanding the traffic of the aircrafi it
is intended to serve, due consideration being given to the fact
that the de-icing/anti-icing pad (like an apron) will be
subjected to a higher density of traffic and, as a result of slowmoving
or stationary aircrafi, to higher stresses than a
runway.
Chapter 3 Annex 14 - Aerodromes
Clearance distances on a de-icinglanti-icing pad
3.15.9 Recommendation.- A de-icing/anti-icing pad
should provide the minimum clearances specified in 3.1 3.6 for
aircraft stands. Ifthe pad layout is such as to include bypass
configuration, the minimum separation distances specifed in
Table 3-1, column 12, should be provided.
3.1 5.10 Recommendation.- Where the de-icindantiicing
facility is located adjoining a regular taxiway, the
taxiway minimum separation distance specified in Table 3-1,
column 11, should be pmvided. (See Figure 3-4.)
Environmental considerations
Note.- 7%e excess de-icing/anti-icing fluid running o f an
aeroplane poses the risk of contamination of ground water in
addition to afecting the pavement surface fiiction
characteristics.
3.15.1 1 Recommendation.- Where de-icindanti-icing
activities are camed out, the surfae drainage should be planned
to collect the run-oflseparately, preyenting itr mixing with the
normal surface run-ofso that it does not pollute the ground
watex
Minimum separation
distance (see 3.15.10
Table 3-1, column 11)
Intermediate holding
position marking
Figure 3-4. Minimum separation distance on a de-icingfanti-icing facility
CHAPTER 4. OBSTACLE RESTRICTION AND REMOVAL
Note 1.- The objectives of the specifications in this chapter
are to define the airspace around aerodromes to be maintained
free from obstacles so as to permit the intended aeroplane
operations at the aerodromes to be conducted safely and to
prevent the aerodromes from becoming unusable by the growth
of obstacles around the aerodromes. This is achieved by
establishing a series ,of obstacle limitation sujaces that define
the limits to which objects may project into the airspace.
Note 2.- Objects which penetrate the obstacle limitation
sujaces contained in this chapter may in certain circumstances
cause an increase in the obstacle clearance altitudeheight for
an instrument approach procedure or any associated visual
circling procedure. Criteria for evaluating obstacles are
contained in Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft
Operations (PANS-OPS) (Doc 81 68).
Note 3.- The establishment of, and requirements for, an
obstacle protection surface for visual approach slope indicator
systems are specified in 5.3.5.41 to 5.3.5.45.
4.1 Obstacle limitation surfaces
Note.- See Figure 4-1.
Outer horizontal surface
Note.- Guidance on the need to provide an outer horizontal
sujace and its characteristics is contained in the Airport
Services Manual, Part 6.
Conical surface
4.1.1 Description.- Conical surface. A surface sloping
upwards and outwards from the periphery of the inner horizontal
surface.
4.1.2 Characteristics.- The limits of the conical surface
shall comprise:
a) a lower edge coincident with the periphery of the inner
horizontal surface; and
b) an upper edge located at a specified height above the
inner horizontal surface.
4.1.3 The slope of the conical surface shall be measured in
a vertical plane perpendicular to the periphery of the inner
horizontal surface.
Inner horizontal surface
4.1.4 Description.- Inner horizontal surface. A surface
located in a horizontal plane above an aerodrome and its environs.
4.1.5 Characteristics.- The radius or outer limits of the.
inner horizontal surface shall be measured from a reference
point or points established for such purpose.
Note.- The shape of the inner horizontal surface need not
necessarily be circular. Guidance on determining the extent of
the inner horizontal surface is contained in the Airport Services
Manual. Part 6.
4.1.6 The height of the inner horizontal surface shall be
measured above an elevation datum established for such purpose.
Note.- Guidance on determining the elevation datum is
contained in the Airport Services Manual, Part 6.
Approach surface
4.1.7 Description.- Approach surface. An inclined plane
or combination of planes preceding the threshold.
4.1.8 Characteristics.- The limits of the approach surface
shall comprise:
a) an inner edge of specified length, horizontal and perpendicular
　
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