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3.1.2.1.4 Modillation. For Mode S interrogations, lhe carrier frequency shall be pulse modulated. In addition, the data
pulse, P,, shall have internal phase modulation.
3.1.2.1.4.1 Pulse modulation. Intermode and Mode S interrogations shalX consist of a sequence of pulses. The pulses
which may be used to form a specific interrogation are designated PI, P2, P3, P4, P5 and d6- Pulse shapes shall be as
defined in Table 3-1. All values are in microseconds.
Note.- The 0.8 nzicrosecnnd pulses used in intermode and Mode S interrogations are identical in shape to those used
in Modes A and C us dejined in 3.1.1.4,
3.1.2.1 -4.2 Phase ~nodulation. The short (16.25-microsecond) and long (30.25-microsecond) P6 pulses of 3.1.2.1.4.1
shall have intcrnal binary differentia), phase modulation consisting of 180-dcgree phase reversals of the camer at a 4
megabit per second rate.
3.1.2.1.4.2.1 Phase revrrsal dilrution. The duration of the phasc reversal shall bc less than 0.08 microsecond and the
phase shall advance (or retard) monotonically throughout the transition region. There shall be no amplitude modulation
applied during the phase transition.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
Table 3-1. Pulse shapes - Mode S and intermode interrogations
- -
D~lrarion (Rise tinze) (Decay time)
Pulse Duration toleran.ce Min. Max. Min. Max.
p,, p,, p,, pj 0.8 40.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2
P4 (short) 0.8 kO.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2
P4 (10%) 1.6 k0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2
P6 (short) 16.25 d . 2 5 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2
P6 (long) 30.25 k0.25 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2
Figure 3-2. Required spectrum limits for interrogator transmitter
8MHz18MHz
I' ' --I5 dB
TI
10MHz 10MHz I -19 dB
I
t mrwz +h--2o MHz+
I
I
I - -31 dB
*
4 30 MHz A NMHz+
I
I -38 dB
40 4 - - 40 MHz MHz b
-43 dB
4 SU MHz -1- 50 MHz - w
I 4 7 dB
60 MHz -9- 60 MHz
Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecornmunicalions Volume ZV
Note.- The minimum duration of the phase reversal is not speci3ed. Nonetheless, the spectrum requiren~ents of
3.1.2.1.2 must be met.
3.1.2.1.4.2.2 Phase relation.ship. The tolerance on the 0 and 180-degree phase relationship between successive chips
and on the sync phase reversal (3.1.2.1.5.2.2) within the P6 pulse shall bc plus or minus 5 degrees.
Note.- In Mode S a "chip" is the 0.25 nlicrosecond carrier interval between possible data phase reversals.
3.1.2.1.5 Pulse and phase reversal sequences. Specific sequences of thc pulscs or phase reversals described in
3.1.2.1.4 shall constitute interrogations.
3.1.2.1.5.1 Intermode itzterrogation
3.1.2.1.5.1.1 Mode NC/S all-call interrogation. This interrogation shall consist of three pulses: P,, P3, and the long
P4 m shown in Figure 3-3. One or two conlrol pulses (P2 alone, or PI and P2) shall be transmitted using a separate antenna
pattern to suppress responses from aircraft in the side lobes of the interrogator antenna.
Nore.- The il.lode MC/S all-call interrogarion elicits a Mode A or Mode C reply (depending on the PI-P3 pulse
spacing) from a Mode AK transponder because it does not recogrrize the P4 pulse. A Mode S transponder recognizes the
long P4 pulse und mspo~zds with a Modr S rzply. This interrugation was ~ r i ~ i n a l l y for use by isolated or clustered
interrogators. Lockout for this interrogation was based on the use of 11 equals 0. The development of the Mode S
.cubnstwork now dictates the zrse of a non-zero 11 code for cornmnnication pztrposes. For this reason, I1 equals 0 has b€€n
reserved .for use in support of u form of Mode S acquisition that uses stochasticAockout override (3.1.2.5.2.1.4 and
3.1.2.5.2.1.5). The Mode MC/S all-call cannot be used with full Mode S operation since 11 equals 0 can only be locked
out for short time periods (3.1.2.5.2.1.5.2.1). This interrogation cannot be used with stochastic/lockout override, since
probability of reply cannot be specified.
3.1.2.1.5.1.2 Mode A/C-only all-call interrogation. This interrogation shall be identical to that of thc Mode A/C/S allcall
interrogation except that the short P4 pulse shall be used.
Note.- The Mode MC-only all-call ir~tert o g ~ t i ~elnic its u Mude A or Mode C reply from a Mode AK transpondel: A
Mode S transponder recognizes the short Pq pulse and does not reply fo this interrogation.
3.1.2.1.5.1.3 Pulse intervals. The pulse intervals between PI, P2 and P, shall be as defined in 3.1.1.4.3 and 3.1.1.4.4.
The pulse interval between P3 and P4 shall be 2 plus or minus 0.05 microsecond.
3.1.2.1.5.1.4 Pulse amplitudes. Relative amplitudes between pulses P,, P, and P, shall be in accordance with 3.1.1.5.
The amplitude of P4 sllall be within 1 dB of the amplitude of P3.
　
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