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Systems Panel (SICASP)
No change
Note related to update of references to the ITU Radio
Regulations.
18 Marc11 1999
18 March 1999
-
12 March 2001
12 March 2001
-
SSR Mode S (Chapters 2 and 3); and ACAS (Chapters 1 and 4). 27 February 2002
15 July 2002
28 November 2002
(vii)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS
Note 1.- All references to "Radio Regulations" are to the Radio Regulations published by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU). Radio Regulations are amended from time to time by the decisions embodied in the Final
Acts of World Radiocommuniuution Conferences held normally every n ~ too three years. Further information on the ITU
processes as they relate to aeronautical radio system frequency uAe is contained in the Handbook on Radio Frequency
Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation including statement of approved ICAO policies (Doc 9718).
Note 2.- The Mode S extended squitter system is subject to patent rights from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory. On 22 August 1996, MIT Lincoln hborutory issued a notice in the Commerce
Business Daily (CBD), a United States Government publication, of its intent not to assert its rights as patent owner
against any and all person& in the commercial or non-conmercial practice of the patent, in order to promote the widest
possible use of the Mode S extended squitter technology. Furthel; by letter to ICAO dated 27 August 1998, MIT Lincoln
Laboratory confirmed that the CBD notice has been provided to satisfy ICAO requirements for a stutement of patent rights
for techniques that are incbded in SARPs, and that the patent holders offer this technique free of charge for any use.
Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder
signals which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting
aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
Note.- SSR transponders referred to above are those operating in Mode C or Mode S.
Aircrafl address. A unique combination of twenty-four bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of airground
communications, navigation and surveillance.
Collision avoidance logic. The sub-system or part of ACAS that analyses data relating to an intruder and own aircraft,
decides whether or not advisories are appropriate and, if so, generates the advisories. It includes the following
functions: range and altitude tracking, threat detection and RA generalion. It excludes surveillance.
Human Factors p~nc$l~sP.r inciples which apply to design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and
which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human
performance.
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR). A surveillance radar system which uses transmitterslreceivers (inlerrogators) and
transponders.
Note.- The requirements for interrogators und transponders are specified in Chapter 3.
Surveillance radar. Radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft in range and azimuth.
ANNEX 10 - VOLUME 1V
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL
2.1 SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (SSK)
2.1.1 When SSR is installed and maintained in operation as an aid to air lraffic services, it shall conform with the
provisions of 3.1 unless otherwise specified in this 2.1.
Note.- As referred to in this Annex, Mode A/C transponders are those which conform. to the characteristics prescribed
in 3.1.1. Mode S transponders are those which conform to the characteristics prescribed in 3.1.2. The fun.ctiona1
capabilities of Mode A/C' transponders are an integral part of those of Mode S transponders.
2.1.2 Interrogation modes (ground-to-air)
2.1.2.1 Interrogation for air traffic services shall be performed on the modes described in 3.1.1.4.3 or 3.1.2. The uses
of each mode shall be as follows:
1) Mode A - to elicit transponder replies for identity and surveillance.
2) Mode C - to elicit transponder replies for automatic pressure-altitude transmission and surveillance.
3) Intermode -
a) Mode MC/S all-call: to elicit replies for surveillance of Mode NC transponders and for the acquisition of
Mode S transponders.
b) Mode MC-only all-call: to elicit replies for surveillance of Mode A/C transponders. Mode S transponders do not
reply.
4) Mode S -
a) Mode S-only all-call: to elicit replies for acquisition of Mode S transponders.
b) Broadcast: to transmit information to all Mode S transponders. No replies are elicited.
c) Selective: for surveillance of, and communication with, individual Mode S transponders. For each interrogation,
　
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