37.6 Radar Availability
37.6.1 FAA radar units operate continuously at the locations shown in the Airport/Facility Directory, and their services are available to all pilots, both civil and military. Contact the associated FAA control tower or ARTCC on any frequency guarded for initial instructions, or in an emergency, any FAA facility for information on the nearest radar service.
37.7 Transponder Operation
37.7.1 General
37.7.1.1 Pilots should be aware that proper applica-tion of these procedures will provide both VFR and IFR aircraft with a high degree of safety in the environment where high.speed closure rates are possible. Transponders substantially increase the capability of radar to see an aircraft, and the Mode C feature enables the controller to quickly determine where potential traffic conflicts may exist. Even VFR pilots who are not in contact with ATC will be afforded greater protection from IFR aircraft and VFR aircraft which are receiving traffic advisories. Nevertheless, pilots should never relax their visual scanning vigilance for other aircraft.
37.7.1.2 ATCRBS is similar to and compatible with military coded radar beacon equipment. Civil Mode A is identical to military Mode 3.
37.7.1.3 Civil and military transponders should be adjusted to the “on” or normal operating position as late as practicable prior to takeoff and to “off” or “standby” as soon as practicable after completing landing roll, unless the change to “standby” has been accomplished previously at the request of ATC. IN ALL CASES, WHILE IN CLASS A, B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE EACH PILOT OPERATING AN AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH AN OPERABLE ATC TRANSPONDER MAINTAINED IN AC-CORDANCE WITH 14 CFR SECTION 91.413 SHALL OPERATE THE TRANSPONDER, IN-CLUDING MODE C IF INSTALLED, ON THE APPROPRIATE CODE OR AS ASSIGNED BY ATC. IN CLASS G AIRSPACE, THE TRANS-PONDER SHOULD BE OPERATING WHILE AIRBORNE UNLESS OTHERWISE RE-QUESTED BY ATC.
37.7.1.4 If a pilot on an IFR flight elects to cancel the IFR flight plan prior to reaching destination, the pilot should adjust the transponder according to VFR operations.
37.7.1.5 If entering U.S. domestic controlled airspace from outside the U.S., the pilot should advise on first radio contact with a U.S. radar ATC facility that such equipment is available by adding “transponder” to the aircraft identification.
37.7.1.6 It should be noted by all users of ATC transponders that the coverage they can expect is limited to “line of sight.” Low altitude or aircraft antenna shielding by the aircraft itself may result in reduced range. Range can be improved by climbing to a higher altitude. It may be possible to minimize antenna shielding by locating the antenna where dead spots are only noticed during abnormal flight attitudes.
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