IF IN DOUBT, USE INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL
IF IN DOUBT, USE INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL
S O S
INSTRUCTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS
1.
Lay out symbols by using strips of fabric or parachutes, pieces of wood, stones, or any available material.
2.
Provide as much color contrast as possible between material used for symbols and background against which symbols are exposed.
3.
Symbols should be at least 10 feet high or larger. Care should be taken to lay out symbols exactly as shown.
4.
In addition to using symbols, every effort is to be made to attract attention by means of radio, flares, smoke, or other available means.
5.
On snow covered ground, signals can be made by dragging, shoveling or tramping. Depressed areas forming symbols will appear black from the air.
6.
Pilot should acknowledge message by rocking wings from side to side.
FIG GEN 3.6.2
Ground.Air Visual Code for use by Ground Search Parties
NO.
MESSAGEMESSAGE CODE SYMBOLCODE SYMBOL
1 2 Operation completed.Operation completed. We have found all personnel.We have found all personnel. L L L L L
3 4 5 We have found only some personnel.We have found only some personnel. We are not able to continue. Returning to base. We are not able to continue. Returning to base. Have divided into two groups. Each proceeding in direction indicated. Have divided into two groups. Each proceeding in direction indicated. X X
6 7 Information received that aircraft is in this direction.Information received that aircraft is in this direction. Nothing found. Will continue search.Nothing found. Will continue search. N N
Note: These visual signals have been accepted for international use and appear in Annex 12 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
FIG GEN 3.6.3 FIG GEN 3.6.5
Urgent Medical Assistance Short Delay
NEED MEDICAL
NEED MEDICAL
ASSISTANCE-URGENT
ASSISTANCE-URGENT
Used only when life is at stake
Used only when life is at stake
FIG GEN 3.6.4
All OK
CAN PROCEED SHORTLY
CAN PROCEED SHORTLY
WAIT IF PRACTICABLE
WAIT IF PRACTICABLE
One arm horizontal
One arm horizontal
FIG GEN 3.6.6
Long Delay
NEED MECHANICAL HELP
NEED MECHANICAL HELP
OR PARTS - LONG DELAY
OR PARTS - LONG DELAY
Both arms horizontal
Both arms horizontal
FIG GEN 3.6.7 FIG GEN 3.6.9
Drop Message Do Not Land Here
FIG GEN 3.6.8
Receiver Operates
OUR RECEIVER IS
OUR RECEIVER IS
OPERATING
OPERATING
Cup hands over ears
Cup hands over ears
DO NOT ATTEMPT
DO NOT ATTEMPT
TO LAND HERE
TO LAND HERE
Both arms waved across face
Both arms waved across face
FIG GEN 3.6.10
Land Here
LAND HERE
LAND HERE
Both arms forward horizontally,
Both arms forward horizontally,
squatting and point in direction
squatting and point in direction
of landing - Repeat
of landing -Repeat
FIG GEN 3.6.11 FIG GEN 3.6.13
Negative (Ground) Pick Us Up
NEGATIVE (NO)
NEGATIVE (NO)
White cloth waved horizontally
White cloth waved horizontally
PICK US UP-
PICK US UP-
PLANE ABANDONED
PLANE ABANDONED
Both arms vertical
Both arms vertical
FIG GEN 3.6.12
Affirmative (Ground)
FIG GEN 3.6.14
Affirmative (Aircraft)
Affirmative reply from aircraft:
FIG GEN 3.6.15 Negative (Aircraft) FIG GEN 3.6.16 Message received and understood (Aircraft)
Negative reply from aircraft:Negative reply from aircraft: Message received and understood by aircraft: Day or moonlight - Rocking wings Night - Green flashed from signal lamp Message received and understood by aircraft: Day or moonlight - Rocking wings Night -Green flashed from signal lamp
NEGATIVE (NO)
NEGATIVE (NO)
Fishtail plane
Fishtail plane
FIG GEN 3.6.17
Message received and NOT understood (Aircraft)
Message received and NOT understood by aircraft:
Message received and NOT understood by aircraft:
Day or moonlight - Making a complete right-hand circle
Day or moonlight -Making a complete right-hand circle
Night-Red flashes from signal lamp.
Night-Red flashes from signal lamp.
10. Pilot Responsibility and Authority
10.1 The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to the operation of that aircraft. In an emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 91, Subpart A, General, and Subpart B, Flight Rules, to the extent required to meet that emergency (14 CFR Section 91.3(b)).
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