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1–2–3 Use of Suitable Area Navigation (RNAV) Systems on Conventional Procedures and Routes
a. Discussion
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Notes
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4. The navigation database should be current for the duration of the .ight. If the AIRAC cycle will change during .ight, operators and pilots should establish procedures to ensure the accuracy of navigation data, including suitability of navigation facilities used to de.ne the routes and procedures for .ight. To facilitate validating database currency, the FAA has developed procedures for pub-lishing the amendment date that instrument approach procedures were last revised. The amendment date follows the amendment number, e.g., Amdt 4 14 Jan10. Currency of graphic departure procedures and STARs may be ascertained by the numerical des-ignation in the procedure title. If an amended chart is published for the procedure, or the procedure amendment date shown on the chart is on or after the expiration date of the database, the opera-tor must not use the database to conduct the operation.
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c. * * *
4. Fly an arc based upon DME.
These operations are allowable even when a facility is explicitly identi.ed as required on a procedure (e.g., “Note ADF required”).
These operations do not include lateral navigation on localizer-based courses (including localizer back-course guidance) without reference to raw localizer data.
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Chapter 2
2–1–2 Visual Glideslope Indicators
a. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
1. The VASI is a system of lights so arranged to provide visual descent guidance information during the approach to a runway. These lights are visible from 3–5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles or more at night. The visual glide path of the VASI pro-vides safe obstruction clearance within plus or minus 10 degrees of the extended runway centerline and to 4 NM from the runway threshold. Descent, using the VASI, should not be initiated until the aircraft is visually aligned with the runway. Lateral course guid-ance is provided by the runway or runway lights. In certain circum-stances, the safe obstruction clearance area may be reduced due to local limitations, or the VASI may be offset from the extended runway centerline. This will be noted in the Airport/Facility Direc-tory.
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b. Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI). The precision approach path indicator (PAPI) uses light units similar to the VASI but are installed in a single row of either two or four light units. These lights are visible from about 5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles at night. The visual glide path of the PAPI typically pro-vides safe obstruction clearance within plus or minus 10 degrees of the extended runway centerline and to 4 SM from the runway threshold. Descent, using the PAPI, should not be initiated until the aircraft is visually aligned with the runway. The row of light units is normally installed on the left side of the runway and the glide path indications are as depicted. Lateral course guidance is provided by the runway or runway lights. In certain circumstances, the safe obstruction clearance area may be reduced due to local limitations, or the PAPI may be offset from the extended runway centerline. This will be noted in the Airport/Facility Directory. (See Figure 2-1-5.)
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2–1–6 Runway Status Light (RWSL) System
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e. Pilot Actions:
1. * * *
2. Pilots must always inform the ATCT when they have either stopped, are verifying a landing clearance, or are executing a missed approach due to RWSL or FAROS indication that are in con.ict with ATC instructions. Pilots must request clari.cation of the taxi, takeoff, or landing clearance.
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2–3–5 Holding Position Markings
[EDITORIAL NOTE: SEE REVISED FIGURES 2-3-14 AND 2-3-15 AT THE END OF THIS UPDATE.]
Chapter 4
4–3–18 Taxiing
a. General.
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5.
A clearance must be obtained prior to crossing any runway. ATC will issue an explicit clearance for all runway crossings.

6.
When assigned a takeoff runway, ATC will .rst specify the runway, issue taxi instructions, and state any hold short instruc-tions or runway crossing clearances if the taxi route will cross a runway. This does not authorize the aircraft to “enter” or “cross” the assigned departure runway at any point. In order to preclude misunderstandings in radio communications, ATC will not use the word “cleared” in conjunction with authorization for aircraft to taxi.

7.
When issuing taxi instructions to any point other than an assigned takeoff runway, ATC will specify the point to taxi to, issue taxi instructions, and state any hold short instructions or runway crossing clearances if the taxi route will cross a runway.

Note: ATC is required to obtain a readback from the pilot of all run-way hold short instructions.
　
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