FIGURE A
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Situational Awareness
The close proximity of adjacent aircraft conducting these approaches mandates strict and immediate pilot reaction to and compliance with all ATC clearances, assigned airspeeds, altitudes, and headings.
Breakouts
ILS PRM approaches require precise localizer tracking to minimize intervention by the final monitor controller and to avoid penetration of the No Transgression Zone (NTZ). The NTZ is an area a minimum of 2,000 feet wide between the simultaneous parallel approach courses. If an aircraft on one of the parallel approach courses deviates off course and does not respond to controller advisories/corrections, the “on course” aircraft MAY be directed to breakout. If the deviating aircraft (referred to as the “blundering aircraft”) penetrates the NTZ, the on course aircraft MUST be directed to breakout.
The breakout directions will include a heading and an altitude. The breakout MAY involve a descent. However, ATC will not assign a breakout altitude lower than the Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA). Also, controllers will not expect a descent rate exceeding 1,000 feet per minute. It is important to note that because of the rapid response time required, ILS PRM breakouts must be hand flown.
WARNING: Crews must comply with breakout instructions
immediately. The aircraft blundering off course may be
only seconds from the on course aircraft.
Communication
To avoid blocked transmissions, each runway will have two frequencies, a primary and a monitor frequency. The tower controller and monitor controller will transmit on both frequencies. Pilots will only transmit on the primary frequency, but will listen to both frequencies. Specific frequencies are listed on the airport approach charts.
Strict radio discipline is essential during ILS PRM operations. This includes an alert listening watch and the avoidance of lengthy or unnecessary transmissions. Call signs or controller directions may be clipped by other aircraft radio transmissions. Pilots must be alert to unusually long periods of silence or unusual background noise. A stuck transmit button or two buttons keyed simultaneously may block critical instructions from the final monitor or tower controller. Pilots must notify ATC immediately of any degradation to aircraft communication or navigation systems.
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TCAS
The Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) provides an additional element of safety during ILS PRM operations. However, if the TCAS is set to the Resolution Advisory (RA) mode there is a good chance that the Resolution Advisory feature may conflict with breakout instructions if given early in the approach. Therefore, TCAS equipped aircraft must fly the ILS PRM approach with the system set to TA only.
Pilots must remember to switch back to the TA/RA mode as soon as practicable after initiating a breakout or missed approach maneuver.
ATC Roles And Responsibilities
Air Traffic Control must:
.
Notify inbound aircraft when ILS PRM operations are in effect. This will normally be accomplished with the ATIS; e.g.,
“Simultaneous ILS/PRM Approaches Runway (XX) in use.”
.
Provide proper longitudinal or 1,000-foot vertical separation during the turn on to close parallel final approach courses (see Figure B).
.
Utilize the Precision Runway Monitor system to ensure that prescribed separation standards are met during the approaches.
.
Instruct aircraft observed overshooting the turn-on to final or continuing on a track which will penetrate the No Transgression Zone (NTZ) to return to the correct final approach course immediately; e.g.,
“(Aircraft call sign) You have crossed the final approach course. Turn (left/right) immediately and return to the localizer/azimuth course.”
Breakout Phraseology
If a deviating aircraft penetrates the No Transgression Zone it is mandatory for the controller to breakout the endangered aircraft on the adjacent approach course. The phraseology for the breakout maneuver is:
“TRAFFIC ALERT, (aircraft call sign) turn (left/right) immediately
heading (degrees); climb/descend and maintain (altitude).”
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FIGURE B
Pilots’ Roles And Responsibilities
The FAA intends to publish a NOTAM stating, in part:
“Aircraft operators are expected to notify Minneapolis ARTCC Traffic Management Unit at 1-800-677-6466 prior to departure (not more than two hours) if unable to participate in PRM approaches. This does not apply to scheduled commercial aircraft operators who do not have PRM in their OPS SPECS, or departures outside the North American continent.” (Continental Airlines does have ILS PRM in our OPS SPECS.)
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