Holding airspeeds at international destinations may be further limited by State Regulations. Refer to the Jeppesen STATE RULES AND PROCEDURES for specific holding speeds at foreign destinations.
Timing
Timing of the initial outbound leg should be 1 minute at or below 14,000 feet MSL, and 1. minutes above 14,000 feet MSL. Timing for subsequent outbound legs should be adjusted as necessary to achieve proper inbound leg time.
Outbound timing begins abeam the fix. If the abeam position cannot be determined, start timing when the turn to the outbound heading is complete and the wings are level.
The time required to complete a 180 degree turn will vary with weight, altitude, and speed. Example: At 5,000 feet and 200 knots, it will take approximately 1. minutes. At 20,000 feet and 230 knots, it will take approximately 1. minutes.
Plan the holding pattern so as to arrive at the holding fix at the correct time to meet EFC requirements.
Standard Pattern
Parallel Entry - Parallel holding course, turn left, and return to holding fix or intercept holding course.
Teardrop Entry - Proceed on an outbound track of 30 degrees (to the holding course) for 45 seconds, then turn right to intercept the holding course.
Direct Entry - Turn right and fly the pattern.
Recommended method for determining entry - Put tail of course needle on outbound course (holding radial). To use the following guidelines, the aircraft must be proceeding direct to the holding fix.
INBOUND COURSE TO HOLDING FIX ON CI
Outbound course (holding radial) within 70 degrees arc, fly teardrop entry.
Outbound course (holding radial) within 110 degrees arc, fly parallel entry. Outbound course (holding radial) within 180 degrees arc, fly direct entry.
Non-Standard Pattern
Parallel Entry - Parallel holding course, turn right, and return to holding fix or intercept holding course.
Teardrop Entry - Proceed on an outbound track of 30 degrees (to the holding course) for 45 seconds, then turn left to intercept the holding course.
Direct Entry - Turn left and fly the pattern.
Recommended method of determining entry - Put tail of course needle on outbound course (holding radial). To use the following guidelines, the aircraft must be proceeding direct to the holding fix.
INBOUND COURSE TO HOLDING FIX ON CI
Outbound course (holding radial) within 70 degrees arc, fly teardrop entry. Outbound course (holding radial) within 110 degrees arc, fly parallel entry. Outbound course (holding radial) within 180 degrees arc, fly direct entry.
DME Holding
Example #1 - Inbound to the VOR hold east of the 10-mile DME fix on the 090 degrees radial, 5 mile legs, right turns.
Since the inbound course is toward the navaid, the fix distance is 10 NM and the leg length is 5 NM. The end of the outbound leg will be reached when the DME reads 15 NM.
Example #2 - Outbound from the VOR hold west of the 28 mile DME fix on the 090 degrees radial, 8 mile legs, right turns.
Since the inbound course (to the fix) is away from the navaid, the fix distance is 28 NM and the leg length is 8 NM. The end of the outbound holding legs will be reached when the DME reads 20 NM.
PROCEDURE TURN
A procedure turn is specified whenever it is necessary to reverse direction to establish the aircraft inbound on an intermediate or final approach course. The approach plate will specify the outbound and inbound courses, the distance within which the procedure turn shall be completed, the side of the inbound course on which the turn should be made, and a minimum altitude to be maintained.
Unless specified on the approach plate, the point at which the procedure turn is started is left to the discretion of the pilot. It is recommended that the turn to the outbound heading be commenced 1 minute past the final approach fix on a non-precision approach, and 30 seconds past the final approach fix on an ILS approach. Timing on the outbound leg should be a minimum of 30 seconds and a maximum of 1 minute depending on wind conditions. Normally, the procedure turn will be accomplished with a 15 flap setting and maneuvering airspeed. When established on the inbound course of the procedure turn and cleared for the approach, an approach check should be accomplished.
Procedure Turn
DME ARC
A DME arc is the track of an aircraft maintained at a constant distance from a navigational aid by reference to distance measuring equipment (DME).
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