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1.2.2. Environmental limitations 
Animals give off heat, moisture, carbon dioxide and other gases. Combination of high temperature and high moisture is not recommended because it reduces the animals‘ ability to withstand the stress. Moreover, too much carbon dioxide is dangerous to the animals‘ health.
Therefore, limit rates have been imposed to the airlines when live animals are transported:
. Relative humidity < 80%
. Concentration of carbon dioxide < 3% (this limit is going to decrease over the
next years) That‘s why ventilation is therefore recommended when transporting live animals.
1.2.3. Unventilated cargo compartments
Most of the countries have accepted the IATA Live Animals Regulations (LAR) as the directive for animal transportation by air. Within the EU, live animals transportation is also regulated by the Council of Europe document —European Convention for the Protection of Animals during International Transport (ETS65)“. It applies to all airlines of all nationalities, operating into, out of, and transiting through any EU member State.
ETS65 covers the transport of live animals in general, Article 29 is special provisions for transport by air. Paragraph 1 of Article 29 states “no animal shall be transported in conditions where air quality, temperature and pressure cannot be maintained in an appropriate range during the entire journey”.
It does not specifically ban the transport of live animals in unventilated compartments, but without ventilation supply to the cargo compartment, temperature could not always be maintained in the appropriate range. 
LOADING LOADING
B. SPECIAL LOADING

1.2.4. Specific containers
Live animals must be transported in suitable clean containers. In the IATA LAR, everything can be found about container‘s specificity for each animal specie. Some rules are common to all of them. Containers must be:
.  Strong enough to be stacked
.  Escape-proof for the handling staff to be in safety
.  Leak-proof (the use of an absorbent material is recommended, but not straw
because of its combustibility)
.  Tied down during the flight
.  Not closed containers, except for tropical fish

1.2.5. Loading rules
General rules must be respected:
.  
They must be loaded close to the cargo door

.  
They must be protected against low temperatures: . Not directly loaded on the floor of the aircraft . Not directly loaded in front of or below the air inlets

.  
A special care must be taken concerning the neighbourhood of the animal: . Enemy animals such as cats and dogs not in sight of one another . Males and females not close to each other . Sensitive animals not close to foodstuffs . Sensitive animals not close to human remains . Sick animals and —laboratory animals“ separated from healthy animals
　
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