曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

system modifications. This report takes account of
serious concerns regarding the possible nonissue,
or late issue, of a reversal Resolution
Advisory (RA) due to the performance of the TCAS
Version 7 RA reversal logic. EUROCONTROL will
continue to make substantial and focussed contributions
to ensure a satisfactory final resolution of
this issue.
Progress on the feasibility of
TCAS-RA downlink
The study to test the feasibility of downlinking
ACAS Resolution Advisories (RAs) so that the
information from the cockpit can be displayed on
the controller’s working position, has entered the
second phase with the RA downlink experiment,
RADE-2 simulations that took place at the EUROCONTROL
Experimental Centre at Brétigny
(France). The RADE-2 simulations are a part of the
feasibility of ACAS RA downlink study (FARADS).
During phase one of FARADS, several RA downlink
operational concepts were elaborated. One of
them was chosen for RADE-2 with the objective of
obtaining empirical data on controller performance
in a realistic, interactive simulation environment
100 Maturity score
Normalised State count
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ANSP 2002
ANSP 2004
ANSP 2005
Safety maturity – air navigation service providers
100 Maturity score
Normalised State count
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Reg. 2002
Reg. 2004
Reg. 2005
Safety maturity – regulators
30
Harmonising ECAC terminal airspace
RNAV procedures
The Airspace and Navigation Team, in recognising
that the current ECAC Terminal Airspace Area
Navigation (RNAV) situation is fragmented, with
associated flight safety implications, agreed to the
implementation of an improvement package aimed
at enabling consistent terminal airspace RNAV
procedure design, publication and operation.
The “target situation” has the goal of reducing the
confusing variety of ECAC terminal airspace procedures,
limiting the range of procedures permitted
to the following:
❚ Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) procedures requiring
specific P-RNAV approval.
❚ A limited application of Basic RNAV (B-RNAV)
procedures which can only be used if designed
according to en-route principles and only for the
route segments above minimum safe altitude/
radar vectoring altitude.
❚ Conventional procedures.
The improvement package includes:
❚ The development of a generic safety case to
assist States/air navigation service providers in
the production of their own national safety cases.
❚ The coordination of an initiative taken up by
EASA and the FAA to provide mutual recognition
of database suppliers’ quality processes
through Letters of Acceptance (LoAs). These
LoAs are a vital part of an aircraft operator’s
application for formal P-RNAV approval.
involving an RA encounter. The creation of RAtriggering
conflicts during the simulations was
rather challenging as several artefacts, ranging
from disobedient pilots to pilots deliberately going
through their assigned flight level, needed to be
applied during the simulation sessions in order to
produce the required realism. It was just as difficult
for the participating air traffic controllers as they
were exposed to situations in which, despite their
best efforts, conflict and RAs did occur.
The RADE-2 simulations were carried out in
Brétigny between October 2005 and January
2006. In November, an Open Day was organised
for the stakeholders to show the progress made on
the study, to gather comments from a wider audience
as well as to provide visitors with a hands-on
experience of the RA downlink simulation.
After making significant progress towards demonstrating
operational and technical feasibility, the
focus will be on human factors issues and a
roadmap for implementation. The final results of
FARADS will be published in 2006.
Cooperative network design
European Air Traffic Management
31
❚ The development and publication of awareness
material (including CD-ROMs and e-learning
packages) to help pilots, air traffic controllers
and engineering personnel to understand
P-RNAV and its use.
❚ The development and publication of procedure
design guidance material to supplement ICAO
PANS-OPS.
❚ The provision of a help-desk and expertise to
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL Annual Report 2005(14)