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people’s expectations regarding their quality of life
had a major influence on how noise around airports
was perceived.
In addition to these socio-economic studies, the
EEC also continues to work on understanding and
mitigating the environmental impact of ATM. This is
mandatory when developing new concepts and
covers the three areas: noise, gas emission and air
quality.
Work on aircraft noise has involved participation in
several European Commission-sponsored projects:
Improved Methods for the Assessment of the
Generic Impact of Noise in the Environment
(Imagine) looks at a harmonised noise model for all
noise sources, including aircraft, in response to the
European noise directive. In the project for
Environmentally friendly High-Speed Aircraft
(Hisac), the SEE is defining the community noise
aspects to be taken into account in the design of a
small-sized supersonic transport aircraft. The
Study of Optimisation Procedures for Decreasing
the Impact of Noise around Airports (Sourdine II),
has defined and evaluated several noise-abatement
arrival and departure procedures for the
medium to long term.
In addition, the EEC has developed and is hosting
a web-based international aircraft noise and performance
database, in collaboration with the
54
RESEARCH ENABLERS
The research enablers work package develops the
methodologies, models, tools and simulators necessary
to perform and verify research.
Simulators
The ESCAPE simulator is the biggest scalable simulator
in Europe and can be configured to any
European airspace set-up and size, and simulates
and tests all new ATM measures and concepts. In
the course of 2005, as a result of the Gate-to-Gate
project, the EEC ESCAPE simulator became the reference
simulator for ATM Validation Environment for
Use towards EATMS (AVENUE)-compliance in
Europe. It supported the simulations run on different
European sites, allowing the partners to validate
their own advanced tools in the structure offered by
the EEC simulator. The Paris 2005 simulation was
also carried out on the EEC simulator. This was the
biggest simulation ever carried out in Europe. The
simulations proved beyond doubt that ESCAPE is
robust, stable and scalable as well as one of the
main references for future simulation activities.
Also in 2005, the development and maintenance of
ESCAPE software components were outsourced to
the ATM supply industry, which further enabled the
EEC to focus on its core business of research.
United States Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) together with Airbus, Boeing and other manufacturers.
Global emissions studies are a major part of the
SEE portfolio, assessing whether changes to the
ATM system will result in more or less fuel burn and
consequent emissions. The two-year CONTRAILS
project sponsored by the European Space Agency
(ESA) is investigating the correlation between air
traffic and aircraft condensation trail-triggered cirrus
clouds. Also explored are the various technical
means developed by the German Aerospace
Research Centre (DLR) and SEE in support of
potential ATM and flow management contrail mitigation
strategies. Owing to delays in satellite data
availability, final results will be available only in
mid-2006.
One notable study was conducted for the 8.33kHz
programme. It evaluated the profitability of the
8.33kHz retrofit on the basis of general criteria
such as typical aircraft/emission combinations.
The study shows that the environmental impact of
non-8.33kHz retrofitting is higher than expected.
The extra fuel burn is estimated on average at 50
kg per flight for the non-8.33kHz-equipped fleet.
Airport Local Air Quality Studies (ALAQS) aim to
raise awareness among airport operators and
practitioners of a “best-practice” emission inventory
and to distribute modelling methods relevant to
all European airports. ALAQS also offers a toolset
with the classical local air quality features
enhanced to allow comparisons of methods.
Cooperative network design
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre
55
Methodologies
After six years of hard work within the ATM R&D
community, the European Operational Concept
Validation Methodology (E-OCVM) was released.
E-OCVM provides a common approach to the validation
of operational ATM concepts, from early
identification to full pre-operational validation. This
is pre-requisite for industrialisation and operational
implementation. E-OCVM is a truly European product
resulting from close cooperation between the
　
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本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL Annual Report 2005(28)