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more on operationally relevant Functional
Airspace Blocks – a concept that Europe and
EUROCONTROL brought to the world.
The 21st century
The dawn of the new millennium found
EUROCONTROL hard at work on a string of
developments designed to boost capacity
in the shorter term and to help lay the
foundations of the future system envisaged
in the newly launched ATM 2000+ strategy.
They included the European Aeronautical
Information Service Database (EAD),
Controller-Pilot Data-Link Communications
(CPDLC), Reduced Vertical Separation
Minima (RVSM) and the new Operator Input
and Display System (ODS) at Maastricht.
EAD went operational in 2003 to meet
a long-standing need on the part of air
navigation service providers and aircraft
operators for a central database for Notices
to Airmen and other information essential
to day-to-day operations. CPDLC will be
one of the central elements of European
ATM beyond 2020, assuring reliable onscreen
communications between pilots and
controllers at all times and giving the fl ight
deck much more responsibility for the way
fl ights are conducted.
The recognition
that Europe needed
to rationalise its
airspace was the
prime driver for
the creation of
EUROCONTROL
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advanced systems deployments, participating in forefront R&D programs.
It is fully committed to ATM & Airport customers dedicated to overcoming business
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controllers (ATCOs) from the EUROCONTROL
member nations could be trained. Upon its
formation, IANS was instrumental in training
the initial cadre of ATCOs who would staff
EUROCONTROL’s own ATM centre, the Upper
Area Control Centre (UAC) at Maastricht, in
the Netherlands. Today, IANS is regarded
as a centre-of-excellence for ATM-training
throughout the world.
The creation of the Maastricht UAC
marked the fi rst time that air traffi c over one
nation had been entrusted to an international
en-route centre, it represented an
important step in the vision of Bulin and
his colleagues to have a fully-integrated
European ATM service. Later in the decade,
the work pioneered at Maastricht would
provide the blueprint for the development
of other planned international ATM centres
– such as Shannon in the Republic of Ireland
– to manage air traffi c moving between
North America and Europe, and a facility at
Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1975.
In 1978, Bulin was succeeded by Jean
Lévêque, who would remain as DG until
1983. Lévêque would be responsible for
overseeing the development of the UAC at
Shannon, which was declared operational in
1978. Much of the technology and practices
developed for the Maastricht and Karlsruhe
UACs were transferred into Shannon,
including the Maastricht Automatic Data
The directors general
EUROCONTROL’s 50-year history has been characterised by the dynamic
leadership of the directors general that have headed the organisation
since its foundation. Thomas Withington picks out the high points
THE AGENCY’S FIRST director general
(DG), René Bulin, was the head of the interim
organisation – the Association for the Development
of ATC Methods – that was created
in December 1960 on the signing of the
EUROCONTROL International Convention
relating to Cooperation for the Safety of Air
Navigation. He later became the DG of EUROCONTROL
when it was offi cially created
with the ratifi cation of the Convention three
years later, in 1963.
In fact, Bulin made such an impact that
he remained in the post right up until 1978.
During Bulin’s leadership, the organisation
took several important steps regarding its
emergence as the continent’s leading air
　
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本文鏈接地址：Reaching for the Single European Sky(51)