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AC313
The Avicopter AC313 is a triple-engine, 13.8-ton civil transport heli-copter developed from the Z-8 military helicopter, itself a 1980s deriv-ative of the Aerospatiale SA321 Super Frelon. Powered by three Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6B-67A turboshafts, it is the largest helicop-ter developed in China to date. First flight took place in March 2010 (Francis, 2010b). The AC313 makes extensive use of composite materi-als—roughly 50 percent by volume—and is equipped with a modern integrated avionics system (Peng, 2010, p. 15). Avicopter plans to cer-tify the AC313 for the European and North American markets.
AC310
The Avicopter AC310 is a 1-ton, single-piston-engine light utility heli-copter currently in development. No first flight has been reported (Wu, 2009, p. 21).
AC301A
The Avicopter AC301A is a two-ton, single-engine helicopter derived from the Changhe Z-11, with structural optimizations, an indigenous rotor system, an improved engine, and modernized avionics. The model is currently in development, and no first flight has been reported (Wu, 2009, p. 21).
Other
An unnamed heavy transport helicopter with an internal cargo capac-ity of 10 tons and an external carrying capacity of 13 tons is reportedly being designed. Development of this new helicopter is not expected to be completed until 2020 (Wu, 2009, p. 21).
Fixed-Wing General Aviation Aircraft
To date, developments in fixed-wing general aviation aircraft in China have been limited. China does not produce any business jets, and there is apparently no business jet program in development. As of late 2009, China had just under 800 fixed-wing general aviation aircraft, most of which appear to be light aircraft of foreign origin. For decades, fixed-wing general aviation aircraft in China were limited to Shijiazhuang Y-5s (copies of the An-2 Colt biplane) and Y-11s (a high-wing twin- piston-engine utility aircraft). China’s first indigenously developed agricultural aircraft, the Hongdu N5A, did not make its first flight until 1989 (Qi, Xiao, and Xu, 2008, p. 18). Fixed-wing general aviation aircraft currently in production are described below.
Y-5B
The Shijiazhuang Y-5B, made by AVIC subsidiary General Aviation Co., is an updated variant of the Y-5 biplane, equipped with newer avi-onics and a more powerful engine.
The HAIG Y-12 is a domestically designed high-wing twin-engine turboprop utility aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of approxi-mately 5,300 kg. The engines are made by Pratt & Whitney Canada. As of October 2009, at least 145 had been built, most of which were exported to countries including Iran, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Zambia (“HAI Y-12,” 2010).
N5
The Hongdu N5A is a single-seat agricultural aircraft with an effective payload of 900 kg. It is powered by a single Lycoming IO-720 piston engine and made its first flight in 1989. Only about 20 of these aircraft have been built. An improved version, the N5B, is powered by a Czech Walter M601F turboprop engine, which increases the plane’s payload to 1,500 kg. The N5B made its official first flight in July 2008 (“HAIC N-5,” 2010).
　
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