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Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex
Although Antonov ASTC, of Ukraine, has a long-standing relation-ship with the Chinese aviation industry, most of that collaboration has been focused on the development of military transports such as the turboprop Y-8. Antonov’s participation in the commercial aircraft sector has been more limited, although it provided key assistance in critical areas such as wing design, integral airframe construction strength analysis, and various wind-tunnel tests for the ARJ21 (“Build-ing of the First ARJ-21 Designed with the Participation of Antonov Is Completed,” 2007). However, Antonov does not appear to be involved in the C919 project, based on available information. As of Novem-ber 2010, Antonov does not have any known subcontracting or joint- venture relationships with the Chinese aviation industry.
1 According to Jane’s, the program became the basis for the WZ-10 attack helicopter. See Endres, 2006.
Bombardier
Bombardier’s presence in China is concentrated primarily in its rail-transportation division, which employs more than 3,500 people through three joint ventures and seven wholly foreign-owned enter-prises. The company’s China operations are headquartered in Beijing, and its commercial aircraft and customer-services operations are based in Shanghai. Its business aircraft operations are based in Hong Kong (“Bombardier in China”).
During the 2007 Paris Air Show, Bombardier Aerospace signed a risk- and revenue-sharing agreement with AVIC to develop the ARJ21-900, the 105-seat version of AVIC’s new regional jet (Butterworth-Hayes, 2010, p. 27). According to company statements, Bombardier will provide technical assistance in the development of the ARJ21 pro-gram. In 2008, Bombardier gave long-time subcontractor Shenyang Aircraft Co. design authority on major supplied parts of Bombardier’s new C-series regional jets. In addition, through its design information- technology system, Bombardier is linking its offices in Montreal to SAC’s Shenyang offices for online, live knowledge-sharing (“Bombar-dier in China: Local Partners and Suppliers”).
Embraer SA
Embraer SA opened its first representative office in Beijing in May 2000. Over the next decade, the company established a spare-parts distribu-tion center in Beijing and opened the first Embraer production facility outside of Brazil, a joint venture with HAIG in Harbin to produce the ERJ 145 family of aircraft. As of 2007, the company employed 230 people in China at its various subsidiary units (“Embraer in China”).
Embraer has the following joint venture in China:
.  51-percent interest in Harbin Embraer Aircraft Industry (HEAI), a joint venture between Embraer and HAIG.
The Eurocopter Group
Eurocopter’s industrial collaboration with China dates back to 1980, when its predecessor Aérospatiale contracted with HAIG to produce the 4-ton-class AS365N Dauphin II under license as the Z-9. The pro-gram proved highly successful, and HAIG became Eurocopter’s pri-mary partner in China. At the same time, Eurocopter became a lead-ing source of technology for the Chinese helicopter industry, receiving a $70 million to $80 million contract in 1997 to help develop the rotor system for a new Chinese medium helicopter, subsequently associated with the Z-10 attack helicopter (Endres, 2006). Over time, Eurocopter became the leading foreign helicopter maker in China, accounting for more than 40 percent of the Chinese civil helicopter fleet as of 2009. Eurocopter senior management acknowledges that the key to the com-pany’s success lies in its willingness to collaborate on the basis of the latest available technology (Zhao and Ma, 2009, p. 65).
　
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