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using information available in various
FAA publications and at flight service
stations.
SEA LEVEL PRESSURE
Sea level pressure is shown in three
digits to the nearest tenth of a millibar
(hPa). For 1000 mb or greater, add a 10
to the 3 digits. For less than 1000 mb,
add a 9 to the 3 digits. In this example,
the sea level pressure is 1014.7 mb
(hPa).
PRESENT WEATHER
Over 100 symbols are available to
depict the present weather. Decoding
information for these symbols is
available in various FAA publications
and at flight service stations. In this
example, continuous snowfall is
occurring.
DEWPOINT
Dewpoint is shown in degrees Fahrenheit.
In the example, the dewpoint is 32°F.
SKY COVER
Sky cover is depicted in the center of the station model.
The eight possible symbols are shown below.
TEMPERATURE
Temperature is shown in degrees Fahrenheit.
For example, the temperature at the sample
station is 34°F.
CLOUDS
Low cloud symbols are placed below the
station model, while middle and high
cloud symbols are placed immediately
above it. A typical station model may
include only one cloud type; seldom are
more than two included. Decoding
information for these symbols is available
in various FAA publications and at flight
service stations.
WIND
Symbols extending out from the station
circle give wind information. The symbol
shows the general true direction of the
surface wind and the velocity in knots.
The absence of a wind symbol and a
double circle around the station means
calm wind. True wind direction is shown
by the orientation of the wind pointer.
Velocity is indicated by barbs and/or
pennants attached to the wind pointer.
One short barb is 5 knots, a longer barb
is 10 knots, and a pennant is 50 knots.
For example, the wind pointer in the
sample station model shows the wind is
from the northwest at 15 knots.
Clear Few Scattered Broken Overcast Obscured
9-29
1/4
3
5
30
1
5
3
20
11/2
10
250
Total sky obscuration and the vertical visibility
into the obscuration is 300 feet, visibility 1/4,
fog, bracket indicates fog was determined by
an automated system
FEW sky coverage, (no cloud height is
indicated with FEW
SCT sky coverage, cloud height 3,000' AGL,
visibility 5 miles, haze
BKN sky coverage, ceiling height 2,000' AGL,
visibility 3 miles, continuous rain
OVC sky coverage, ceiling height 500' AGL,
visibility 1 mile, intermittent
SCT sky coverage, cloud height 25,000' AGL
BKN sky coverage, ceiling height 1,000' AGL,
visibility 11/2 mile, thunderstorm with rain
shower
Missing cloud (or sky cover) observation or
partial obscuration
Figure 9-37.Weather Depiction Chart.
DIGIT
1
2
3
4
5
6
PRECIPITATION
INTENSITY
Light
Moderate
Heavy
Very Heavy
Intense
Extreme
RAINFALL RATE
IN./HR. STRATAFORM
Less than 0.1
0.1 - 0.5
0.5 - 1.0
1.0 - 2.0
2.0 - 5.0
More than 5.0
RAINFALL RATE
IN./HR. CONVECTIVE
Less than 0.2
0.2 - 1.1
1.1 - 2.2
2.2 - 4.5
4.5 - 7.1
More than 7.1
Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning
R Rain
RW Rain shower
S Snow
SW Snow shower
T Thunderstorm
NA Not available
NE No echoes
OM Out for maintenance
SYMBOLS USED ON CHART
35
LM
WS9999
WT210
SLD
Cell Movement to the
northeast at 35 knots
Little movement
Severe thunderstorm watch
number 999
Tornado watch number 210
8/10 or greater coverage
in a line
Line of echoes
Figure 9-38. Radar Summary Chart.
9-30
is important to remember that a prognostic chart is a
forecast and actual conditions may vary due to a number
of factors. [Figure 9-39]
An area that is expected to have continuous of intermittent
precipitation is enclosed by a solid line. If only
showers are expected, the area is enclosed with a dotdash
pattern. Areas where precipitation is expected to
cover one-half or more of the area is shaded. On the
prognostic chart, special symbology is used to indicate
various types of precipitation and how it will occur.
[Figure 9-40]
WINDS AND TEMPERATURES ALOFT CHART
The winds and temperatures aloft chart (FD) is a 12-
hour chart that is issued at 0000Z and 1200Z daily. It is
primarily used to determine expected wind direction
　
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