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Knowledge of local vegetation and crops is also very
useful. Tall crops are generally more dangerous to land
in than low crops. Know the colors of local seasonal
vegetation to help identify crops and other vegetation
from the air. Without exception, avoid discontinuities
such as lines or crop changes. Discontinuities usually
exist because a fence, ditch, irrigation pipe, or some
other obstacle to machinery or cultivation is present.
Other obstacles may be present in the vicinity of the
chosen field. Trees and buildings are easy to spot, but
power and telephone lines and poles are harder to see
from pattern altitude. Take a careful look around to
find them. Power lines and wires are nearly impossible
to see from pattern altitude; assume every pole is connected
by wire to every other pole. Also assume that
every pole is connected by wire to every building, and
that every building is connected by wire to every other
building. Plan your approach to over fly the wires that
may be present, even if you cannot see them. The more
you see of the landing area during the approach, the
fewer unpleasant surprises there are likely to be.
The recommended approach procedure is to fly the following
legs in the pattern.
• Crosswind leg on the downwind side of the field.
• Upwind leg.
• Crosswind leg on the upwind side of the field.
• Downwind leg.
• Base leg.
• Final approach.
This approach procedure provides the opportunity to
see the intended landing area from all sides. Use every
opportunity while flying this approach to inspect the
landing area and look for obstacles or other hazards.
[Figure 8-7]
Landing over an obstacle or a wire requires skill and
vigilance. The first goal in landing over an obstacle is
to clear the obstacle! Next, you must consider how the
obstacle effects the length of landing area that is actually
going to be available for touchdown, rollout, and
stopping the glider. If an obstacle is 50 feet high, the
first 500 feet or so of the landing area will be over
flown as you descend to flare and land. If the field
selected has obstacles on the final approach path,
remember that the field will have to be long enough to
accommodate the descent to flare altitude after clearing
the obstacle.
Hold the glider off during the flare and touch down at
the lowest safe speed manageable. After touchdown,
use the wheelbrake immediately and vigorously to stop
the glider as soon as possible. Aggressive braking helps
prevent collision with small stakes, ditches, rocks, or
other obstacles that cannot easily be seen, especially if
the vegetation in the field is tall.
AFTER LANDING OFF-FIELD
OFF-FIELD LANDING WITHOUT INJURY
Figure 8-7. Off-field landing approach.
8-10
If uninjured, tend to personal needs then secure the
glider. Make contact with the retrieval crew or emergency
crew as promptly as possible. If the wait is likely
to be long, use the daylight to remove all items necessary
for darkness and cold. It is worth remembering
that even a normal retrieval can take many hours if the
landing was made in difficult terrain or in an area
served by relatively few roads. Use a cell phone to call
911 if nervous about personal safety. To help identify
your position, relay the GPS coordinates, if available,
to ease the job for the retrieval crew or rescue personnel.
It is a good idea to write down the GPS coordinates
if the GPS battery is exhausted or if the GPS
receiver shuts down for any reason. Use the glider twoway
radio to broadcast your needs on the international
distress frequency 121.5 MHz. Many aircraft, including
civil airliners, routinely monitor this frequency.
Their great height gives the line-of-sight aviation
transceiver tremendous range when transmitting to, or
receiving from, these high altitude aircraft. Once contact
has been made with outsiders to arrange for
retrieval, take care of minor items such as collecting
any special tools that are needed for glider de-rigging
or installing gust locks on the glider’s flight controls.
OFF-FIELD LANDING WITH INJURY
If injured, tend to critical injuries first. At the first
opportunity make contact with emergency response
personnel, with other aircraft, or any other source of
assistance you can identify. Use the glider radio, if
operable, to broadcast a Mayday distress call on the
emergency frequency 121.5 MHz. Many in-flight aircraft
routinely monitor this frequency. Also try any
other frequency likely to elicit a response. Some gliders
have an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) on
　
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本文鏈接地址：Glider Flying Handbook(94)