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out-of-balance situation and affording time to determine
whether the water can be evacuated from the
fuselage. If pitch control is dangerously degraded,
then abandoning the glider may be the safest choice.
The best prevention for water ballast problems are
regular maintenance and inspection combined with
periodic tests of the system and its components.
8-12
RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR
MALFUNCTIONS
Landing gear difficulties can arise from several
causes. Landing gear failures arising from mechanical
malfunction of the gear extension mechanism generally
cannot be resolved during flight. Fly the approach at
normal airspeed. If the landing gear is not extended, the
total drag of the glider is less than it is normally during
an approach with the landing gear extended. It may be
necessary to use more spoiler/dive break than normal
during the approach. Try to land on the smoothest surface
available. Allow the glider to touch down at a
slightly faster airspeed than would be used if the landing
gear were extended. This helps avoid a tailwheelfirst
landing, and a hard thump of the glider onto the
runway. Avoiding the hard thump will help to avoid
back injury. The glider will make considerable noise as
the glider slides along the runway, and wingtip clearance
above the ground will be much reduced. Keep the
wings level for as long as possible. Try to keep the
glider going as straight as possible using the rudder to
yaw the glider. The primary goal is to avoid collision
with objects on the ground or along the runway border.
Accept the fact that minor damage to the glider is
inevitable if the gear cannot be extended and locked.
Concentrate on personal safety during the approach and
landing. Any damage to the glider can be repaired after
an injury-free landing.
PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS
Failure of any primary flight control system presents a
serious threat to safety. The most frequent cause of
control system failures is incomplete assembly of the
glider in preparation for flight. To avoid this, use a
written checklist to guide each assembly operation and
inspect every connection and safety pin thoroughly. Do
not allow interruptions during assembly. If interruption
is unavoidable, start the checklist again from the very
beginning. Perform a positive control check with the
help of a knowledgeable assistant. Do not assume that
any flight surface and flight control is properly
installed and connected during the post-assembly
inspection. Instead, assume that every connection is
suspect. Inspect and test until certain that every component
is ready for flight.
ELEVATOR MALFUNCTIONS
The most serious control system malfunction is a failure
of the elevator flight control. Causes of elevator
flight control failure include the following.
• An improper connection of the elevator control
circuit during assembly.
• An elevator control lock that was not removed
before flight.
• Separation of the elevator gap seal tape.
• Interference of a foreign object with free and full
travel of the control stick or elevator circuit.
• A lap belt or shoulder harness in the back seat
that was used to secure the control stick and not
removed prior to flight.
• A structural failure of the glider due to overstressing
or flutter.
To avoid a failure, ensure that control locks are
removed prior to flight, that all flight control connections
have been completed properly and inspected, that
all safety pins have been installed and latched properly.
Ensure that a positive control check against
resistance applied has been performed.
If the elevator irregularity or failure is detected early in
the takeoff roll, release the towline (or reduce power to
idle), maneuver the glider to avoid obstacles, and use
the brakes firmly to stop the glider as soon as possible.
If the elevator control irregularity or failure is not
noticed until after takeoff, a series of complicated
decisions must be made quickly. If the glider is close
to the ground and has a flat or slightly nose low pitch
attitude, releasing the towline (or reducing power to
zero) is the best choice. If this is an aerotow launch,
consider the effect the glider has on the safety of the
towpilot. If there is sufficient elevator control during
climb, then it is probably best to stay with the launch
and achieve as high an altitude as possible. If wearing
a parachute, high altitude gives more time to abandon
the glider and deploy the parachute.
If the decision is to stay with the glider and continue
　
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