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paleness, sweating, and vomiting.
It is important to remember that experiencing air
sickness is no reflection on your ability as a pilot.
Let your flight instructor know if you are prone to
motion sickness since there are techniques that
can be used to overcome this problem. For example,
you may want to avoid lessons in turbulent
conditions until you are more comfortable in the
glider, or start with shorter flights and graduate to
longer instruction periods. If you experience
symptoms of motion sickness during a
lesson, you can alleviate some of the discomfort
by opening fresh air vents or by focusing on
o b j e c t s
outside the glider. Although medication like
Dramamine can prevent airsickness in passengers,
it is not recommended while you are flying
since it can cause drowsiness.
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
One factor that can affect your vision and consciousn
e s s
in flight and poses a danger to self-launch glider pilots
is carbon monoxide poisoning. Since it attaches itself
to the hemoglobin about 200 times more easily than
does oxygen, carbon monoxide (CO) prevents the
hemoglobin from carrying oxygen to the cells. It
can take up to 48 hours for the body to dispose of
carbon monoxide. If the
poisoning is severe enough, it can result in death.
Carbon monoxide, produced by all internal combustion
engines, is colorless and odorless. Aircraft
heater vents and defrost vents may provide carbon
monoxide a passageway into the cabin, particularly
if the engine exhaust system is leaky or damaged.
If you detect a strong odor of exhaust gases,
you can assume that carbon monoxide is present.
However, carbon monoxide may be present in dangerous
amounts even if you cannot detect exhaust
odor. Disposable, inexpensive carbon monoxide
detectors are widely available. In the presence of
carbon monoxide, these detectors change color to
alert you to the presence of carbon monoxide.
Some effects of carbon monoxide poisoning
include headache, blurred vision, dizziness,
drowsiness, and/or loss of muscle power. Anytime
1-15
you smell exhaust odor, or any time you experience
these symptoms, immediate corrective
actions should be taken. These include turning off
the heater, opening fresh air vents, windows and
using supplemental oxygen, if available.
STRESS
Stress can be defined as the body’s response to
physical and psychological demands placed upon
it. Reactions of your body to stress include the
release of chemical
hormones (such as adrenaline) into the blood and
the speeding of the metabolism to provide energy
to the muscles. In addition, blood sugar, heart rate,
respiration, blood pressure, and perspiration all
increase. The term stressor is used to describe an
element that causes you to experience stress.
Stress falls into two categories: acute stress
(short-term) and chronic stress (long-term). Acute
stress involves an immediate threat that is perceived
as danger. This is the type of stress that
often involves a “fight or flight” response in an
individual, whether the threat is real or imagined.
Stressors are categorized on page 1-7 within the
stress management discussion. Examples
include noise (physical stress), fatigue (physiological
stress), and difficult work or personal situations
(psychological stress). Normally, a healthy
person can cope with acute stress and prevent
stress overload. However, on-going acute stress
can develop into chronic stress.
Chronic stress can be defined as a level of stress
that presents an intolerable burden, exceeds the
ability of an individual to cope, and causes performance
to fall sharply. Unrelenting psychological
pressures such as loneliness, financial
worries, and relationship or work problems, can
produce a cumulative level of stress that exceeds
a person’s ability to cope with the situation. When
stress reaches these levels, performance falls off
rapidly. Pilots experiencing this level of stress are
not safe and should not exercise their airman privileges.
The stress management discussion on
page 1-7 contains several recommendations for
coping with stress. If you suspect you are suffering
from chronic stress, consult your doctor.
FATIGUE
Fatigue is frequently associated with pilot error.
Some of the effects of fatigue include degradation
of attention and concentration, impaired coordination,
and decreased ability to communicate.
These factors can seriously influence your ability
to make effective decisions. Physical fatigue can
　
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