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signals and in-flight signals.
PRE-LAUNCH SIGNALS
FOR AEROTOW LAUNCHES
Aerotow pre-launch signals facilitate communication
between pilots and launch crewmembers preparing for
the launch. These signals are shown in Figure 7-1.
Check Controls Open Towhook Close Towhook Raise Wingtip
(Thumb moves thru circle.) to Level Position
(Arm moves slowly back
and forth thru arc.)
Take Up Slack Hold Begin Takeoff!
(Arms straight out and held steady.) (Arm makes rapid circles.)
(Wave arms.) (Draw arm across throat.)
Stop Operation Immediately! Stop! Release Towrope or Stop Engine Now
Figure 7-1. Aerotow pre-launch signals.
7-2
IN-FLIGHT AEROTOW VISUAL SIGNALS
Visual signals allow the towpilot and the glider pilot to
communicate with each other. The signals are divided
into two types: those from the towpilot to the glider
pilot, and those from the glider pilot to the towpilot.
These signals are shown in Figure 7-2.
TAKEOFF PROCEDURES
AND TECHNIQUES
Takeoff procedures for gliders require close coordination
between launch crewmembers and pilots. Both the
glider and towpilot must be familiar with the appropriate
tow procedures.
AEROTOW TAKEOFFS
Normal takeoffs are made into the wind. Prior to takeoff,
the towpilot and glider pilot must reach an agreement
on the plan for the aerotow. The glider pilot
should ensure that the launch crewmember is aware of
safety procedures concerning the tow. Some of these
items would be proper runway and pattern clearing
procedures and glider configuration checks (spoilers
closed, tailwheel dolly removed, canopy secured).
When the required checklists have been completed
Figure 7-2. In-flight aerotow visual signals.
Glider Cannot Release!
(Glider moves to left side of towplane and rocks wings.)
Something Is Wrong With Glider —
Close Airbrakes! (Towplane fans rudder.)
Towplane Please
Turn Left
(Glider pulls towplane tail to right.)
Towplane Please
Turn Right
(Glider pulls towplane tail to left.)
Decrease Tow
Airspeed!
(Glider yaws repeatedly.)
Increase Tow Airspeed!
(Glider rocks wings repeatedly.)
Glider: Release Immediately!
(Towplane rocks wings.)
Towplane
Cannot Release!
(After receiving signal that glider cannot
release, towplane yaws repeatedly.)
7-3
the towplane should remain in ground effect until the
glider is off the ground. Climb-out must not begin until
the previously agreed upon climb airspeed has been
achieved.
CROSSWIND AEROTOW TAKEOFFS
Crosswind takeoff procedures are a modification of the
normal takeoff procedure. The following are the main
differences in crosswind takeoffs.
• The glider tends to yaw, or weathervane, into
the wind any time the main wheel is touching
the ground. The stronger the crosswind, the
greater the tendency of the glider to turn into
the wind.
• After liftoff, the glider tends to drift toward the
downwind side of the runway. The stronger the
crosswind, the greater the glider’s tendency to
drift downwind.
Prior to takeoff, the glider pilot should coordinate with
the launch crewmember to hold the upwind wing
slightly low during the initial takeoff roll. If a crosswind
is indicated, full aileron should be held into the
wind as the takeoff roll is started. This control position
should be maintained while the glider is accelerating
and both the glider and towplane are ready for takeoff,
the glider pilot signals the launch crewmember to hook
the towrope to the glider.
NORMAL TAKEOFFS
The hook-up should be done deliberately and correctly,
and the release mechanism should be checked for
proper operation. The launch crewmember applies tension
to the towrope and signals the glider pilot to activate
the release. The launch crewmember should
verify that the release works properly and signals the
glider pilot. When the towline is hooked up to the
glider again, the launch crewmember repositions to the
wing that is down. When the glider pilot signals “ready
for takeoff” the launch crewmember clears both the
takeoff and landing area, then signals the towpilot to
“take up slack” in the towrope. Once the slack is out of
the towrope, the launch crewmember verifies that the
glider pilot is ready for takeoff, then raises the wings
to a level position. With the wings raised, the launch
crewmember does a final traffic pattern check and signals
the towpilot to takeoff. At the same time, the
glider pilot signals the towpilot by wagging the rudder
　
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